Classification, Identification, and Detection of Microorganism in Oral Cavity
Nasywa Azzahra Sudaryono - 2306173731
Purpose of identification and detection of microorganisms in clinical application
Characteristic of oral microbial
Classification, identification, potency of oral microbial
Methods for detection and identification
Phenotyping and genotyping in clinical application
Terminology of oral microbiome
Identification: direct microscopic examination, vitro culture techniques, molecular methods (PCR, DNA)
Classification: based on taxonomy, function, environment, core and variable microbiome
Culturable: can be grown in laboratory settings using traditional culture methods, with methods including microscopy, biochemical tests, sugar utilization, growth conditions, and antibiotic sensitivity, --> ex: Streptococcus mutans
Unculturable: cannot be grown in a laboratory setting using current cultivation techniques, due to; nutritional needs, reliance on other bacteria, slow growth, sensitive souls, --> ex: Treponema pallidum
Fungi: Diseases like oral candidiasis (thrush) are brought on by oral fungi, typical oral microbiome may also contain them, --> ex: Candida glabrata and Candida albicans
Viruses: Oral viruses have the ability to cause herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections and other disorders. The typical oral microbiome may also contain them. Oral viruses comprise, for instance, HSV-1 and HSV-2 1.
Bacteria: most common and diverse microorganisms in the mouth cavity, produces diseases, preserves dental health, and breaks down food, --> ex: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Streptococcus mutans
Archaea : single-celled microbes that inhabit a variety of habitats, including the mouth cavity. They may contribute to disease development or oral health maintenance. , --> ex: Methanobrevibacter oralis and Methanobrevibacter smithii
Identification: important for correct disease diagnosis, treatment of infection and trace-back of disease outbreaks associated with the microorganism infections
Detection: Detecting microorganisms in clinical applications is crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of infections
Identification: traditional phenotypic methods, modern methods (PCR), biochemical methods, microscopy methods
Detection: microscopy, culturing, simple biochemical tests, modern methods
Phenotyping:
Genotyping:
Monitoring disease progression: Tracking changes in phenotypic traits over time to monitor the progression of diseases such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders
Treatment monitoring: Assessing how patients respond to treatment by observing changes in phenotypic traits, such as tumor size in cancer patients or blood pressure in hypertensive patients
Disease diagnosis and classification: Observing physical symptoms, biochemical markers, or physiological functions to diagnose diseases and classify them into specific categories
mproving Disease Diagnosis: In some cases, genetic testing can be used to diagnose specific diseases, especially those with a strong genetic component.
Identifying Risk for Disease: Understanding a patient's genetic makeup can reveal predispositions to certain diseases. This allows for early intervention and preventative measures
Predicting Drug Response and Toxicity: By analyzing a patient's genes, doctors can predict how they might respond to certain medications
Tailoring Treatment Plans: By combining genetic information with traditional phenotyping, a more personalized treatment plan can be created