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chapter 19 - uneven development - Coggle Diagram
chapter 19 - uneven development
consequences of uneven development
the development gap - half the world's wealth is owned by just 1% of the population a sign of the gap between rich and poor. in the last 50 years only 9 countries have moved from LIDCs to EDCs
health - low levels of investment in health care and nutrition account for high infant mortality and high birth rates amongst the very poor
education - access to education are vital for people's development and job prospects.
standards of living - in LIDCs, people have to endure a lack of clean water and sanitation. this can lead to disease and reduce life chances and earning potential
physical factors of uneven development
weather and climate - heavy rainfalls, droughts, extreme heat or cold and vulnerability to tropical cyclones hampers economic development.
relief - mountainous regions tend to be remote and have poor infrastructure
landlocked countries - countries without coastline lack the benefits of sea trade. the coastline acts as an international border providing huge opportunities for trading with other nations
tropical environments - they are prone to pests and diseases. malaria and water-borne diseases can devastate communities an reduce people's ability to work
water shortages - water is essential for life and development.
human factors of uneven development
poverty - lack of money slows development. it prevents improvements to living conditions, infrastructure and sanitation, education and training.
trade - the poorer countries have limited access to the markets. they traditionally trade low-value items. the value of these items has fluctuated wildly, causing great uncertainty and instability as the country tries to develop
history - many ACs have experienced development based upon agricultural and industrial growth and international trading. rapid industrialization has taken place in EDCs but yet to take place in LIDCs
how can aid promote development?
provision of basic services can lead to a healthier life, enabling people to work effectively and earn money to improve their lives and those of their family
improved knowledge of agriculture and access to loans can increase food productivity and wealth
improved access to education will increase literacy rates and standards of living
improved healthcare will reduce child mortality, lower birth rates and increase life expectancy
how can aid hinder development?
inappropriate aid can increase dependency on ACs
provision of emergency aid can undercut local food producers, forcing farmers out of business
lack of coordination between aid donors can result in an imbalance of support
some animal gift-aid schemes have been criticised for increasing livestock numbers in areas already suffering water shortages and desertification