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chapter 18 - global development - Coggle Diagram
chapter 18 - global development
how is development measured?
economic measures - GDP and GNI and various measure of poverty and standard of living
social measures - infant mortality, life expectancy, access to doctors and educational attendance and achievement
GNI
advantages
GNI can show clear patterns and variations between countries
used to help prioritize aid payments
easy to calculate using official government figures
disadvantages
figures can be misleading
in poorer countries, many people work in farming where their income is not taken into account
data about income is sensitive and people may not be honest.
HDI
advantages
maps can show clear patterns and differences between countries
provides a composite measure of index including social as well as wealth
can be used as a measure of improvement following development initiatives
disadvantages
only takes into account a selection of measures and doesn't take into account of other important indicators
hide variations and inequalities that exist with countries
data can be unreliable
internet users
advantages
useful as it relies upon other infrastructural improvements, so is a proxy measure for electricity, satellite access and disposable incomes
disadvantages
doesn't take into account of variations within countries
can hide inequalities, especially regarding the use of internet by poor people
GNI
gross national income
measured as GNI per capita; this means the total income divided by the number of people
GDP
gross domestic product
the total value of the goods and services produced in a country