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Eyewitness Testimony, -Occurs when incorrect information obtained after an…
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-Occurs when incorrect information obtained after an event contaminates our memory of the event. For example in identifying rapists in police line ups makes this question implies that the rapist is in the line up where thereby increase the chances of a witness making a false identification
-Can corrupt memory even more easily when it is encountered in social situations
-Major problem in cases with multiple witnesses to a crime
-Example in your room and someone accidentally opens your room and if someone asked you to recall you could recall easily but if it was a social situation and you were out and about and there were other people are around the chances of misinformation is even higher
-Witnesses talk to each other
-There is biases in memory when going through traumatic times and your cognition is not able to remember what happened and eyewitness testimony can be quite unreliable
-Misinformation effect gets stronger when youre afraid and the pressure is stronger
-As a victim shares the story more and more the contamination effect happens more and more (this reminds me of the game telephone)
-As human beings we make sense of things by discussing things and then we make make believe reality
-Because different witnesses are different people with different perspectives
-They are likely to see or notice different things
-They are likely to remember different things even when they witness the same event
-Therefore by speaking to each other witnesses end up reinforcing common memories for the event and contaminating each others memories for the event
-The misinformation effect was very interesting to me because I can remember so many different scenarios where I thought a situation happened and then I talked to my friend about it and they saw something different and its like who was seeing the right thing? Then I start second guessing myself and my brain starts thinking I saw what my friend saw and not what I saw.
-Lineups are typically conducted with pictures, called photo spreads
-6-8 pictures of individuals
-Dressed similarly (less inclined to look at clothes rather than how they look. Clothing also signifies value systems and status so if someone is really really rich you dont assume their a criminal because why would a rich person try to steal someones car)
-Photographed in similar circumstances (like lighting in the photo)
-One of the individuals is the police suspect and the others are foils or fillers
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"I was afraid for my life" issue from a trauma response. When the assault is physically effected by someone the body is buzzed by the fight or flight system and when your body is going through that, youre not really paying attention to the context and the person. Even if youre trying to remember the person our biochemistry gets in the way
-"I saw... but just a glimpse" these crimes are happening fast and people dont have the time to sit back and form a whole impression
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"Different race than me" there is research that shows we have trouble seeing the differences in people that are other races
Susceptible to a wide variety of other biases and errors
-Forget events that happened to them
-Forget people they once knew
-Mix up details across time and place
-Remember whole complex events that never happened at all
-The errors, once made, can be very hard to unmake
-SHORT TERM: When you try to come up with a persons name but cannot find it even though you have the sense that it is right at the tip of your tongue
LONG TERM: our expectations and beliefs have huge influences on memories. Memory systems take advantages of repeating patterns in our lives by forming schemata based on our expectations- so we dont pay much attention to such things thereby remembering things in a generic way
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I think one of the toughest times of my life was when I have argued with partners in past relationships and it felt like an endless loop of frustration and miscommunication. I realized its easy to get caught up in the moment and especially when you are fueled by emotions and different perspectives. Looking back I have realized that arguments were probably the reason why my last relationship didnt work. But I noticed we argued a lot because we were seeing different perspectives and everyone has different experiences and biases and interpretations. One of my biggest faults are probably not being the most understanding because I remember I would always be thinking, "How did you not know?". Ive learned that its our individual backgrounds, values, and emotional states that play a role in this.
I feel like learning all this has made me realize that to be the bigger person it takes a lot. In my future relationships I am going to try and be more understanding and remember that I need to take a step back and realize that there are no single truth in any situation and instead of trying to prove a point I should try to understand where theyre coming from and this doesnt mean that I would be sacrificing my own feelings or beliefs.