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Development of The James Webb Telescope, Fueled by the Cold War - Coggle…
Development of The James Webb Telescope
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1869-79 Fictional satellites
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1897 - Yerkes Telescope
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1721 - John Hadley
John Hadley improved upon Newton’s reflector telescope by improving the accuracy of recordings by adding a quadrant that allowed the position of observations to be recorded (Britannica, 2024).Hadley also popularised Newton’s reflector telescope design (Britannica, 2024).
Reflecting telescopes are now being used in the James Webb telescope (NASA, n.d.).
1668 - Isaac Newton Telescope
Isaac Newton made improvements to the telescope by using mirrors rather than lenses to magnify objects (Cox, 2021).
1686 - Newton’s Laws
Newton developed three laws of motion - inertia, force is equal to mass times acceleration and every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
These laws explained the reason why celestial objects orbit the way they do and why objects fall (NASA, 2023), thus explaining the main arguments against the heliocentric model.
His laws would become the basis of modern physics and were essential in enabling space travel.
1608 - Invention of the Telescope
A Dutch man named Hans Lippershey is credited with inventing the telescope. He had an understanding of lenses from his profession as an eyeglass maker and used a concave and convex lens to make things appear 3x closer (Cox, 2021)
1609 - Galileo Galilei
Galileo heard about the telescope and made significant improvements, enabling the telescope to magnify objects by 20x (Cox, 2021).
Telescope Development
Using the telescope, he discovered the rings of Saturn and four of the moons of Jupiter (Van Helden, 2024), a discovery that just about proved Copernicus’s heliocentric model (Science Learning Hub, 2022), or at least proved the idea that the Earth orbited the sun and not the other way round.
Galileo's finding about the heliocentric model found him sentenced to house arrest for heresy against the church (Van Helden, 2024).
1610 - Kepler Laws
Johannes Kepler bettered Galileo’s telescope design further (Cox, 2021).
Kepler described the laws of satellites (orbiting objects) using astronomical findings that supported the Heliocentric model (Science Learning Hub, 2022).
1543 - Nicolaus Copernicus
In the 1600s, Europeans believed the Earth was stationary and orbited by other planets, the moon and the sun (History.com, 2023).
This theory had been held for over a thousand years (History.com, 2023) by the time Copernicus proposed that the sun, rather than the Earth, was the centre of the universe that the other planets revolved around (Science Learning Hub, 2022).
Heliocentric Model
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The heliocentric model was condemned by the church and banned in 1616 as it did not follow the ‘ancient scripture’ (History.com, 2023).
The heliocentric model explained some phenomena that couldn’t be explained by astronomical observations but contrasted the explanation that things fell to the ground because Earth was the centre of the universe (History.com, 2023).
Fueled by the Cold War