developmental milestones in early childhood
Physical Development
Fine Motor Skills
Gross Motor Skills
Walking Independently (12-15 months)
Climbing Stairs (18 months with assistance, independently by 2 years)
Pulling up to Stand (9-12 months)
Running, Jumping, Hopping (3-4 years)
Crawling (6-10 months)
Scribbling with Crayons (2 years)
Using Utensils (Fork, Spoon) (2-3 years)
Grasping Objects (Pincer Grip) (9-12 months)
Building Towers with Blocks (2-3 years)
Dressing Themselves (Buttoning, Zipping) (3-4 years)
Growth
Height and Weight Increase
Development of Primary Teeth (around 6 months)
Emotional Development
Attachment
Forming Secure Attachment (6-9 months)
Peak of Separation Anxiety (1-2 years)
Seeking Comfort from Caregivers (6-9 months)
Self-Regulation
Self-Soothing Behaviors (Thumb-Sucking, Cuddling a Toy)
Developing Emotional Regulation with Caregiver Assistance
Understanding Simple Rules and Boundaries (2-3 years)
Empathy
Early Signs of Empathy (Comforting Others, Sharing Toys)
Identifying Basic Emotions in Others (Happy, Sad, Angry)
Cognitive Development
Language Development
Object Permanence
Playing Peek-a-Boo (8-12 months)
Understanding Objects Exist Even When Out of Sight (8-12 months)
Understanding Simple Instructions (1-2 years)
Asking Questions to Gain Information (3-4 years)
Rapid Expansion of Vocabulary and Simple Sentences
First Words (10-12 months)
Babbling (4-6 months)
Symbolic Play
Engaging in Pretend Play Scenarios (Feeding Dolls, Playing House) (2-3 years)
Using Objects to Represent Other Objects (Pretending a Stick is a Sword) (3-4 years)
Problem-Solving
Understanding Cause and Effect (Dropping Objects to See What Happens) (1-2 years)
Creative Problem-Solving in Play (3-4 years)
Solving Simple Puzzles (1-2 years)
Motor Development
Gross Motor Skills
Crawling on Hands and Knees (7-10 months)
Walking Independently (12-15 months)
Sitting Independently (6-8 months)
Climbing (1-2 years)
Rolling Over (6 months)
Fine Motor Skills
Reaching and Grasping Objects Deliberately (3-4 months)
Manipulating Objects with Increasing Dexterity (Turning Pages of a Book, Stacking Blocks) (12-18 months)
Using Utensils Independently (2-3 years)
Drawing Shapes and Simple Pictures (3-4 years)
psycho-social development
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson): Asserting independence in activities
Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson): Forming trust in caregivers
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson): Exploring the environment through play
Self-Concept: Developing a sense of self and gender identity
Emotional Regulation: Learning to manage emotions
Social Skills: Interacting with peers and forming friendships
Empathy and Perspective Taking: Understanding others' feelings
Attachment: Forming bonds with caregivers
Cultural Influences: Absorbing cultural values and beliefs