Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Info from Millercenter…
Warren G. Harding
1920
Harding is elected president
Return to Normalcy:
Harding campaigned on a promise to return the country to normalcy after the turmoil of World War I. He aimed to restore stability and a sense of
1921
Harding signs the Emergency Quota Act
into law, limiting the number of immigrants from any given country to 3 percent of that nationality already in the United States by 1910. The temporary act lasts three years and serves as the precursor to the harsher and permanent 1924 act. The law represents the growing nativism of the 1920s, motivated, in part, by the massive influx of south and east European immigrants into the United States following the end of World War I.
1922
Capper-Volstead Act
Responding to the continuing problems facing American farmers, which force 300,000 farm foreclosures during the Harding administration alone, the President signs the Capper-Volstead Act. The bill allows farmers to buy and sell cooperatively without the risk of prosecution under anti-trust laws.
Cable Act
The Cable Act, which allows an American woman to maintain her citizenship following marriage to an alien, is signed by Harding.
1923
Harding suffers ptomaine poisoning, dies
Emergency Tariff Act
In response to American public opinion, Harding and Congress pass the Emergency Tariff Act. Raising tariffs, especially on farm products, the temporary bill will be replaced one year later by the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act, a permanent bill with even higher tariff rates. Designed to protect American products and end the post-war recession, such protectionist legislation ultimately destabilizes international commerce by heightening economic nationalism.
Denby transfers oil control
In a relatively unnoticed move, Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby transfers control of the naval oil reserves in California and Wyoming to the Department of the Interior, headed by Albert B. Fall. The reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, will later figure prominently in the scandals that stain the Harding administration.
Budget and Accounting Act
Harding signs the Budget and Accounting Act in order to better organize the federal government's accounts. The act establishes the Bureau of the Budget and the General Accounting Office under the Treasury Department.
Calvin Coolidge
1923
Calvin Coolidge sworn in
after the sudden death of President Harding. Sworn in at the Coolidge Home in Plymouth, VT by his father John C. Coolidge, a justice of the peace.
**
Coolidge's first State of the Union
In his first State of the Union address, Coolidge expresses his support for prohibition and U.S. involvement in the World Court.
1924
**Soldiers' Bonus Bill passes
Providing twenty-year annuities for veterans at an overall cost of $2 billion, the Soldiers' Bonus Bill is passed by the House. One month later, the Senate also passes the bill only to have Coolidge veto it; Congress will later override the veto.
New immigration law
Congress passes a new immigration law with even more restrictive quotas than those established by a temporary act two years earlier. Japanese immigrants are barred completely while Canadians and Mexicans remain exempted from the quotas.
Coolidge elected
Coolidge wins the election easily with 382 electoral votes (15,725,000 popular votes) to the Democrats' 136 (8,386,000 popular votes). La Follette wins a surprisingly large 4,823,000 popular votes, though only 13 electoral votes.
1925
Coolidge inaugurated
Coolidge is inaugurated President in his first elected term. The following day, Frank B. Kellogg is named Secretary of State, replacing Charles Evans Hughes, who had resigned two months earlier. A lawyer by training, Kellogg had previously served as a senator from Minnesota and ambassador to Great Britain.
KKK demonstrates in Washington
The Ku Klux Klan holds a massive political demonstration in Washington, D.C. Possibly the largest Klan parade in history, around 40,000 men and women march down Pennsylvania Avenue decked out in their white Klan robes, a scene which reflects the group's resurgence during the 1920s.
1926
Revenue Act becomes law
Coolidge signs the Revenue Act into law, as Harding's policy of “normalcy” morphs into keeping “cool with Coolidge.” With the goal of cutting the size of the Federal government, the Act reduces income taxes as well as other duties. While it helps the Republican Party weather the investigations of corruption under Harding, it further weakens the already deteriorating national economy.
Air Commerce Act passed
The Air Commerce Act is passed by Congress. While the federal government already subsidized airmail, this act gave the Commerce Department regulatory powers over sectors of the aviation industry, such as the licensing of pilots and aircrafts.
1927
Coolidge chooses not to run
Concerned that four more years in office might appear to some observers as a third term as President, Coolidge ends any talk of his candidacy for the 1928 election stating, “I do not choose to run.”
Herbert Hoover
1929
Herbert Hoover inaugurated:
Herbert Hoover is inaugurated as the thirty-first President of the United States.
Agricultural Marketing Act
Hoover signs the Agricultural Marketing Act to revitalize the increasingly poor market for farm products. It represents a marked reversal in federal policy; Coolidge had vetoed a number of similar bills designed to aid farmers during his presidency.
1930
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
Against the urgings of many economists, Hoover signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, raising duties prohibitively high on many imports. Rather than solve the economic crash, the act causes other countries to follow America's lead by raising their tariffs. Such “economic nationalism” exacerbates both the international depression and nationalist tensions.
Veterans Administration Act
Hoover signs the Veterans Administration Act, establishing the Veterans Administration. The act consolidates all existing federal agencies handling benefits for former servicemen into a single department.
1931
Bonus Loan passed
Over Hoover's veto, Congress passes the Bonus Loan Bill. The act allows veterans to obtain cash loans of up to 50 percent of their bonus certificates issued in 1924.
Debt moratorium
In an effort to ease the worldwide depression, Hoover proposes a one-year moratorium on debt payments owed America in return for Europe returning the favor on U.S. debts. Passed by Congress in December, the policy does little to ameliorate the economic crisis.
1932
Franklin D. Roosevelt elected
Roosevelt wins the presidential election over Hoover
Info from Millercenter.org
Info from Millercenter.org
Info from Millercenter.org
