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Networking - Coggle Diagram
Networking
Networking and Topologies
The different roles of computers in a client-server and peer-to-peer network
Peer To Peer Network
Security is the responsibility of the individual user.
Backup is the responsibility of the individual user.
Files and resources have to be shared by the individual user.
Relatively easy to setup
All computers are equally important.
Client-Server Network
Backup is the responsibility of the network manager,
Can support many users,
Server managed by the network manager,
Relatively easy to setup.
The server is the main computer and provides resources for all users,
The internet as a worldwide collection of computer networks:
Hosting
The Cloud
DNS (Domain Name Server)
Web servers and clients
Factors that affect the performance of networks
The type of network traffic
Network latency
The bandwidth of the transmission medium
The number of transmission errors
The number of devices on the network
The hardware needed to connect stand-alone computers into a Local Area Network
Switches
NIC (Network Interface Controller/Card)
Routers
Transmission media
Wireless access poinhts
Star and Mesh Network topologies
Star Networks
In a star network all of the computers have their own connection to a hub or switch
Mesh Networks
Each device acts as a 'node' to transmit data onwards.
Types of network:
LAN (Local Area Network)
A group of networks that cover a small geographical area. The infrastructure is owned and managed by individuals or small companies.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A group of networks that cover a wider geographical area. The infrastructure is owned by third parties such as BT or VirginMedia e.g. the internet.
Wired, Wireless and Protocols and Layers
Modes of connection:
Wired
Ethernet
Wireless
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Encryption
IP addressing and MAC addressing
IP addressing
The current system is known as IPv4. It takes an address that is made up of 4 valves up to 255 (8 bits,) e.g. 65.123.54.254
There is another system named IPv6. It's 128 bits long arranged in eight groups of sixteen bits, Each group is four hexadecimal values, e.g. AD34:65AD:1111:04DC:3456:0000:DF34:34ED.
IPs can be changed by the user or automatically depending on the situation e.g. mobile devices tend to have dynamic IP addressing meaning it can change
Every computer in the world has a unique IP address
MAC addressing
A MAC address is a 48 bit address written in Hexadecimal e.g. 00-B0-D0-63-C2-26.
A MAC address cannot be changed, it is unique to that device, It is given to the device by the manufacturer,
Each device that connects to a network has a Network Interface Card (NIC).
Each NIC has it's own Media Access Control address (MAC address).
Standards
Common protocols including:
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
POP (Post Office Protocol)
HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Security)
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
The concept of layers