Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
An elderly female patient has a type II diabetes mellitus and high blood…
An elderly female patient has a type II diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure history. She has come into the doctor because she noticed blood in her urine. The doctor is concerned about the effect of high blood pressure on her kidneys.
How does High BP affect kidney function? High blood pressure damages the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reduces blood flow to the kidneys, and can lead to kidney damage or failure over time
How does type II diabetes mellitus affect kidney function? Type 2 diabetes mellitus can damage the kidneys by causing high blood sugar levels, which lead to damage of the small blood vessels and filtering units of the kidneys, which can result in kidney failure and disease.
What other symptoms should be considered? Blood in her urine should be considered for her kidney function. Other things that could be is edema, fatigue, changes in urination, decreased urine output.
-
-
How do High BP and DM II affect each other? High blood pressure (hypertension) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II) often worsen each other's effects, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications, kidney damage, and other health problems.
What is causing blood in her urine? The blood in her urine (hematuria) could be caused by kidney damage or injury, which is a concern given her history of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both conditions can contribute to kidney disease, increasing the risk of blood leaking into the urine
What will happen over time? If left untreated, the combination of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus can lead to progressive kidney damage and decline in kidney function. This can result in chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. If kidney function continues to deteriorate, it may eventually progress to end-stage kidney disease, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival
General Anatomy of the Urinary System: The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, with the kidneys filtering blood to produce urine, which is then transported through the ureters to the bladder for storage and later elimination through the urethra.
General Functions of the Urinary System:The urinary system filters waste from the blood and removes it from the body as urine, while also regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
General information on DM II: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II) is a chronic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough, leading to high blood sugar levels.Management typically involves lifestyle modifications along with oral medications or insulin therapy to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and neuropathy. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and medical check-ups are essential for effective management and prevention of complications.
-
Structure of a kidney: bean-shaped organ divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla, containing millions of nephrons responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Each kidney is connected to the ureters, which carry urine to the bladder for storage until elimination through the urethra.
Structure of kidney: Bean-shaped organ consisting of an outer cortex and inner medulla, containing nephrons responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
-
Structure of DCT: The Distal Convoluted Tubule is a coiled tube in the kidney that reabsorbs some ions from urine and secretes others, playing a role in electrolyte balance.
-
Link renin to...
-
Macula Densa Cells: it is sensed by the macula densa cells in the kidney, triggering feedback mechanisms to adjust renal blood flow and electrolyte balance.
Hypertension: Renin is linked to hypertension as it initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which can lead to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
-
Regulation of electrolyte balance with aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone: Aldosterone regulates electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys, while anti-diuretic hormone regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys' collecting ducts
General information on hypertension: hypertension, high bp, is a chronic condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently elevated, often requiring lifestyle changes and medication for management.
-
