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Family - Coggle Diagram
Family
Types of family
Nuclear family = 2 generations, generations, geographically mobile, isolated, independent.
Extended family = 3+ generations, geographically static, dependent, close knit.
Modified extended family = N/F with EX/F traits, keep in contact via phone, internet car, telephonic/motorised
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Reconstituted families = Blended families, divorced adults forming new families.
Empty shell = love between couple has gone but they stay together for the sake of the children/financial reasons.
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Marxist View
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Erlgels
- Attempted to trace evolution of family through time
- The modern N/F developed in capitalist society
- The N/F is a relatively new idea
Primitive Communism
- Start of human development - stage of primitive communism - ' hunter-gathers society'
- Property collectively owned - no rich/poor = equal society
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- Era of sexual freedom & promiscuity
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- No control over sexual activity
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- 5000 yrs ago man become productive (farming)
- With the advert of private property came restrictions on sexual activity
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- Ensured the mans private property would be passed down to his son
- The family is designed to protect private property & control women
- The family benefits capitalism by reproducing 'labour power' - reproducing the next generation of proletariat workers.
- False needs = consuming the products of capitalism. Urges families to 'keep up with the Jonesess' - Targets children, pester power.
Zaretsky
- Providing emotional support for workers
- Helps them cope with the harsh reality of capitalism
- Socialising children to lean R/C norms & values
- Therefore, the family helps to maintain an unjust & exploit system (capitalism)
Althusser
- The family is an ideological state apparatus (ISA). The family is a piece of equipment used by the R/C to teach their ideas.
CRITIQUE
- Assume the N/F is the dominant family type - ignore increasing family diversity
- Is everyone pressed into buying the latest 'must have' gadget?
- Argue that the family does not benefit capitalism, but only exists to benefit men
- Functionalists argue that Marxists ignore the real benefits that the family provides
Types of Marriage
Monogamy = 1 man, 1 woman (1 partner)
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Endogamy = Married within the same tribe, ethnic group or social class
Exogamy = marriage outside of the tribe, ethnic group or social class
Feminism
4 types
Liberal = Campaign against sexual discrimination, Oppression is slowly declining, Change in social attitudes/ law
Marxists = Main cause of female oppression is not men, but capitalism. Women reproduce the labour force (next gen of workers), Women absorb anger- Ainsley = 'Women are takers of men's shit'
Radical = All societies are based on patriarchy, Men need to achieve separatism. ALL HETROSEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS ARE OPPRESSIVE!
Difference = We can't make generalisations about all women, Not all women live the same way.
CRITIQUE
- Fems ignore family diversity - assume everyone lives in a heterosexual N/F
- Women are viewed as passive of oppression
- Fems paint a negative picture of the family life... they ignore the positive aspects of family life
Purdy (Radical)
- Women's exploitation is largely the result of their child care role
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- All women should turn to political lesbianism & stop having conventional families
- This will help men realise how hard it is to run a home & force men to take women's claims
Bernard (Radical)
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- 'Married men are healthier than single men, & single women are healthier than married women'.
- 80% of all anti-depression drugs are given to housewives
Oakley (Radical)
- Exploited housewives represent 2/5 GNP
Rapport (Radical)
- Women suffer from: Duel burden, Triple shift, Emotional work
- Need to destroy patriarchy by abolishing the family
Brugel (Marxist)
- Women provide capitalism with a 'reserve army of labour'
- Women are a source of cheap labour
- Women are used when required
- Women return to the home when no longer required
The New Right
- Support functionalist view
Marsland
- The welfare state is too generous & creates a culture of dependency
- The welfare state takes away individual dependency
- Creates an incentive to stay unemployed
- Takes money away from industry, edu, NHS, transport
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Murray
- The welfare state has encouraged young, unmarried teenagers to become pregnant
- Easy way to get a free council house & benefits
- They are societies 'new rabble'
- Stop their benefits immediately and 'starve them into marriage'
Jordan
- The W/S isn't too generous, its too mean
- As a result of the W/S people get caught in the poverty trap & become part of the underclass with no hope of escaping poverty
Dean & Taylor-Gooby
- 85 interviews (claiming benefits)
- Found 4/85 did not want to work, 81/85 did want to work but couldn't due to the P/T
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Functionalist View
Murdock
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- Perform 4 basic functions
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Parsons
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- Farther (instrumental role) = breadwinner Mother (expressive role) = main carer
CRITIQUE
1)Only studied white, middle class, American families
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