Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Overview of Questioned Document - Coggle Diagram
Overview of Questioned Document
Introduction
begins when ancient ancestors communicated each other with pictures (e.g. prehistoric cave paintings)
founder = Albert S. Osborn
pioneer = Ordway Hilton, Wilson R. Harrison & James V.P Conway
FDE
application of science & analytical techniques to questions concerning the source/authenticity of documents
compare questioned writing with known writings for identification/elimination purposes
based on general assumption that no two people write exactly alike.
vs graphologist (assume personality of writer)
include writings or other markings found on walls, windows, doors, or any other objects
Standards
1972 - Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document Examiners)
1972-1997 - ASTM International + SWGDOC
Common term
identification
mor than 80% sure written by same individual
strong probability
80% sure, evidence is very persuasive, yet some critical feature or quality is missing
probable
60% sure written by same individual
indications OR indications did not
very weak opinion - the evidence is far from conclusive.
inconclusive
not leaning to either way
probably did not
60% sure not written by same individuals
strong probability did not
80% sure not written by same individual
elimination
more than 80% sure not written by same individual
Function of FDE
establish authenticity or expose forgery/alterations, additions, or deletions
identify/eliminate persons as the source of handwriting
identify/eliminate source of typewriting or other impression, marks, or relative evidence
write reports and/or give testimony, when needed, to aid the users of the examiner’s services in understanding the examiner’s findings