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economic development - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Low birth rate
      - Low death rate
      - Low population growth rate
  - - - High birth rate
      - High* death rate
      - High population growth rate
  - - - The share of population between 0 and 14 years of age is called as ‘young dependents’.
      - The share of population between 15 and 65 years of age is called as ‘economically active population’.
      - The share of population above 65 years of age is called as ‘old dependents’.
  - - - High birth rate leads to a high number of young dependents.
      - The dependency ratio (1+) is high, putting pressure on working class.
      - Few children survive till working age as the infant and child mortality rates are high.
      - Very few old dependents.
      - Children are often engaged in child labour.
      - Literacy rate remains low.
      - Most people work in primary sector.
  - - - Moderately high birth rate leads to a high number of young dependents.
      - Most children survive till working age, so the dependency ratio is balanced.
      - There is a large working class.
      - Few old dependents.
      - Life expectancy is gradually increasing
      - Literacy rate is increasing.
      - Most people work in primary (developing countries) and secondary (NICs) sector.
  - - - Low birth rate leads to a low number of young dependents.
      - People survive till a high age, so there are many old dependents.
      - The dependency ratio is high (due to lo death), putting pressure on working class.
      - Declining birth rates means that the working class would become much smaller in the future.
      - Migration is often encouraged to attract working class people and boost birth rates.
      - Most people work in tertiary sector.
- - - - Birth rate
      - death rate
      - Infant mortality rate
        
        The number of children who die before the age of one.
      - life expectancy
        
        The average number of years a person is expected to live in a particular place.
      - ADULT LITERACY RATE
        
        Percentage of people who can read and write.
      - FEMALE LITERACY
    - - HEALTH
      - EDUCATION
      - EQUALITY
    - - due to lack of education/contraceptive
    - - ledc- high due to lack of education/traditions, lo dr due to improvement in healthcare
  - - - GNP PER CAPITA
      - gdp per capita
      - gdp
        
        GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) refers to the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.
        
        geographic borders in a specific time period.
        
        country's standard of living.
        
        Investors use this figure to make decisions about investment in a particular nation, while governments use it for drafting policies.
        
        GDP can be tracked over long spans of time and used in measuring a nation’s economic decline or decline, as well as in determining if an economy is in recession
        
        consumption+net eport+govt spending+investment
      - gnp
        
        GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP) refers to the value of all goods and services produced by citizens / corporations of a country in a year.
        
        Gross National Product (GNP) measures the levels of production of all the citizens or corporations from a particular country working or producing in any country.
        
        GNP includes income earned by citizens and companies abroad, but does not include income earned by foreigners within the country.
        
        Therefore, it includes the compensation and investment income received by nationals working or investing abroad.
        
        Depending on circumstances, the GNP of a country can be either higher or lower than its GDP. It depends on the ratio of domestic to foreign manufacturers in a given country.
        
        For example, China's GDP is $300 billion greater than its GNP, according to Knoema, a public data platform, due to the large number of foreign companies manufacturing in the country, whereas the GNP of the U.S. is $250 billion greater than its GDP, because of the mass amounts of production that take place outside of the country's borders.
        
        The larger the difference between a country's GNP and GDP, the more a country is involved in international trade, finance and production.
      - if you had to chose one economic indicator to represent the economy of country, which and why?
        
        gnp per captia- percaptia- take population size into account-gnp as globalization so money comes back to same country
      - Salary
        
        A salary is a fixed amount of money or compensation paid to an employee by an employer in return for work performed. Salary is commonly paid in fixed intervals
      - employment rate
        
        his is a statistical ratio that measures the proportion of a country's working age population that is employed
    - - PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY, QUATERNARY
        
        Primary: Jobs based on extracting raw materials from nature. mining/farming/fishing/forestry/quarrying
        
        pro of investing in primary
        
        rather than having goods be shipped in, it would be better if the country was indeoendant and relied on themselves,
        
        Exporting these goods=money
        
        con of investing in primary
        
        Overreliance on primary sector activities can lead to the unsustainable depletion of natural resources.
        
        Limited Value Addition
        
        Secondary: Manufacturing sector where raw material is processed into finished products./ contruction
        
        pro of investing in tertiary
        
        pro of investing in secondary
        
        increase trade
        
        increase in job
        
        More infrastructure
        
        con of investing in secondary
        
        Many routine and low-skilled manufacturing jobs have been rendered obsolete by machines and robotics, resulting in job losses
        
        Tertiary: Providing services and retail.
        
        pro of investing in tertiary
        
        job creation
        
        improved quality of life- services provided by tertiary like Healthcare improve life
        
        con of investing in tertiary
        
        not sutainable as it depends on consumer demand
        
        Quaternary: Knowledge and research based jobs.
        
        pro of investing in quaternary
        
        Innovation and Technological Advancement
        
        High-Value Job Creation (avg monthly payment)
        
        con of investing in quaternary
        
        High Initial Costs
        
        Long Return on Investment (ROI) Timeline
        
        Uncertain Outcomes and Risks
        
        no tangible economic or social benefits
  - - - Physical environment:
        
        Landforms
        
        mountain/ plain/coatline
        
        This affects settlement plans(mountainous regions/desrrs/forests=hard to settle in), infratructure building (mountain, etc =hard to buildd infratructure for factory), agriculture (foret/desert/mountain only for specific crop, its hard to grow crop in thee landform, hence they rely on other country. they loe out on agricultural exports and waste money on imports
        
        Rainfall
        
        Rainfall levels determine water availability for agriculture, industry, and human .agriculture-imp for trade, indutry imp for trade an job/infratructure. human conumption- human more likely to migrate out of the country, cauing brain drain hampering economy
        
        Climate
        
        tourism potential
        
        if too hot/cold, tourim lesser. Tourism is important as some places may not have flat land to develop indutry/agriculture, ence resort to tourism for economic growth
        
        vulnerability to natural disater
        
        bc of thi ppl can hift out, including the young orking population= brain drain
        
        Resources
        
        Natural resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and forests signify economic potential
        
        =trade n job, economical development
      - Human environment:
        
        Pollution
        
        Pollution undermines economic development by increasing healthcare costs, degrading natural resources, hich are needed for agriculture.
        
        Disease
        
        lot of dieae = migration out= braindrain
        
        increae healthcare cot=undermine eco dev
        
        redduced orkforce prodductivity
        
        Access to utilities
        
        utilitie needed for orker in farm andd factory
        
        Food
        
        inadequate food=dieae=reduced orkforce= poverty
      - Personal Lifestyle:
        
        Housing
        
        Housing quality and affordability reflect standards of living, socioeconomic disparities,
        
        Motor vehicles
        
        Motor vehicle ownership and usage patterns indicate transportation infrastructure, urbanization levels
        
        Internet
        
        Internet access and connectivity decribe educational opportunities, more education=more chance of of getinghired=more employment rate=mroe contirbution to economy
        
        Happiness
        
        ocial factor- tell u that if ppl around u happy u hapyy
  - - - Political Stability: The degree of continuity and predictability in a country's political system,
- - - - EDUCATION
        
        +
        
        WEALTH
        Gross National Income per capita
        
        Mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years
        
        Expected years of schooling for children