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Horse -respiratory - Coggle Diagram
Horse -respiratory
Other
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Ethmoid hematoma
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cause radiographic changes--> lesions are angiomatous masses originating from the mucosal lining of ethmoid conchae walls of maxillary or frontal sinus
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Laryngeal hemiplegia
exercise intolerance & noisy breathing, mild inspiratory dyspnea with audible whistling --> recurrent laryngeal nn damage - specially left
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mm- in respiration
inspiration - diaphragm & external intercostal mm pul abaxially causing sub-atmospheric intrathoracic pressure
Expiration- contraction of internal intercostal muscles & the muscles of abdominal wall compress the chest wall
phrenic nn damage, botulism, large colon torsion may prevent expansion of diaphragm cause respiratory distress most important in respiration is diaphragm
Guttural pouch tympany
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Non-painful, air-filled swelling (R. parotid region), slight stertorous breathing Rx- fenestration of the membrane between the normal and affected pouch (3 months old)- common in young animals
Bacteria
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Burkholderia mallei
Glanders
3 tyoes-->nasal glanders, pulmonary, cutaneous glander. Dx- Mallein test. Reportable
mucopurulent nasal discharge from nares, laboured breathing & cough lungs lesions commnence as light colored nodules surrounded by hemmorrhage or as diffuse pneumonia nodules may become calcified & discharged cotents to upper respiratory tract nodules may found other organs
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Virus
Equine Herpesvirus - 1
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Transmission- inhalation directly & indirectly from nasal discharge, aborted fetuses or placenta
Myeloencephalitis
Paresis, abortions, neonatal foal deaths
EHV
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EHV-1 & EHV-4
Rhinopneumonitis. , also result in abortions
African horse sickness
5-7 days after infection ---> begin with fever & conjunctivitis. - Culicoides & mosquitoes transmits *Dx- virus isolation & serology
Pulmonary --> respiratory distress, coughing, sweating & foaming from the nostrils
Cardiac---> edema of head & neck / abdominal pain & depression (swelling of the supraorbital fossa)---> die from heart failure
Egypt, africa, middle east- swelling in the indentation above the eyes (conjunctivitis & fever --> swelling above the supraorbital fossa----> Exotic ds
Equine adenovirus
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can cause lower respi tract infections in immunocompromised like foal with FPT & combined immunodeficiency ---> common cause of deaths in foals
Equine influnza virus
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killed vaccine, prognosis good. Rx- NSAID & supportive care
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Parasites
Dictyocaulus arnfeldi
Dx- Baermann in horse & donkey. --> L1. Definitive host- donkey
PACO2-60(35-45), PaO2-75mmHg, pH-7.255 (normal 7.4), Base excess= -1.8---> Hypoventilation & respiratory acidosis