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U2 AC 2.1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Biochemical factors recognised by the courts
      - Sex hormones, alcohol, drugs all known to affect mood/ behaviour
    - - Infanticide may be caused by isolation rather than hormones
      - Some studies find testosterone not linked to physical aggression
      - Biochemical processes may need an environmental trigger too
- - - - Jacob et al found association with XYY and violent prisoners
      - Price and Watmore found links with XYY and property crime
    - - XYY men fit the stereotype of violent offenders - labelling theory
      - Syndrome is too rare to explain much crime
      - Having the syndrome doesn't mean that is the cause of crime
- - - - Racist - equates criminals with non-western society
      - Did not compare with control group of non-criminals
      - No further evidence to link facial features and criminality
    - - Helps to focus on how to prevent crime, not punishment
      - Shows importance of clinical and historical records of criminals
      - First person to study crime scientifically
- - - - Why? Attracted by risk taking and their physique and assertiveness are important assets in crime
  - - - Other studies replicate findings - reliable
      - Most serious delinquents had mostly mesomorphic bodies
    - - Criminality likely to be a combination of biology and environment
      - Mesomorphic body may be a result of criminality
      - Mesomorphs more likely to be labelled
- - - - A few extreme cases do show brain injury leads to changes in behaviour including criminality
      - Some correlation between abnormal EEG readings and psychopathy
      - Prisoners are more likely than non-prisoners to have a brain injury
    - - Crimes cause by brain injury or disease are rare. Original personality more important
      - Prisoner's higher likelihood of brain injury may be affect of criminality not cause - e.g. getting into fights
      - Abnormal EEG not necessarily the cause and not found in all psychopaths