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Toxoplasma gondii, Screenshot_2024_0324_143204, Screenshot_2024_0324…
Toxoplasma gondii
Lab diagnosis
- ELISA ,
- IFAT ,
- PCR,
- MRI & CT scan ,
- USG
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Staining ;
- Giemsa staining,
- Periodic (PAS ),
- GMS
- Animal inoculation &
Skin test of frenkel
( Confirmative test )
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Pathogenesis
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In Babies
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Eye Damage , Unusually Small head
Rashes ,
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Treatment
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Alternative drugs;
Spiramycin, Clindamycin
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Habitat
- In humans -
Affects Reality emdothelial systems
- In cats -
Intestine
Morphology
3 Forms
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Oocyst
- Found in cats ( fecal sample)
- Round / oval ( double layer wall )
- Contains 1 sporoblast
- Non infectious
- Development in soil
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Develops & forms into spiritual cyst
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Contains 8 sporozoites ( infective stage )
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Remain viable in soil for 1 yr .
Tachyzoites
- Crescent shape
- 15× 6 micrometer
- Has central nucleus -
1-2 micrometer in diameter
- Asexual form
- Multiplies by Endodyogeny
- Anterior end has Rhoptery (mouth)
Life cycle
1a. Eggs are passed in cat stool. Many eggs are passed but usually for only 1 to 2 weeks. After 1 to 5 days in the environment, eggs become able to cause infection.1b. Cats can become reinfected by consuming food or other materials contaminated with the eggs.
- Other animals (such as wild birds, rodents, deer, pigs, and sheep) may consume the eggs in contaminated soil, water, plant material, or cat litter.
- Shortly after the eggs are consumed, they release forms of the parasite that can move (called tachyzoites).
- Tachyzoites spread throughout the animal's body and form cysts in nerve and muscle tissue.
- Cats become infected after eating animals that contain these cysts.
6a. People can become infected by eating undercooked meat containing these cysts.6b. People can also become infected if they eat food, water, or other materials (such as soil) contaminated with cat stool or when they touch a pet cat's litter and then touch their mouth.
- Rarely, people are infected when they have a blood transfusion or organ transplant that contains the parasite.
- Rarely, the infection is spread from mother to fetus.
- In people, parasites form cysts in tissues, usually in muscle and the heart, brain, and eyes.
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