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Seizures and Epilepsy - Coggle Diagram
Seizures and Epilepsy
Pathophysiology
Two Classes of Receptors
Ionotropic
Ion gated ion channels which allow for flow of ions,
Most anti-seizure medications target these channels
Metabotropic
G coupled receptors with NT which bind receptor, activate molecules inside post-synaptic neuron
Activates othert ion hcannles in membrane
Glutamatergic: Excitatory Neurons that transmit singal
GABAergic: Inhibitory since it lets chloride in which will inhibit signal
Epilepsy Discharge
More sodium is allowd in which allows for easier adn increase repetiive firings of neurons
Syndromes
Focal
BECTS
Self-limited epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes
Mesial Temporal Lobe
Epilepsy that may appear with hippocampal sclerosis
Generalized
Childhood absence
Absences taht lead into adulthood
Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic alone
Juvenile Myoclonic
Jerks appear first thing in morning, and treated by sleeep deprivation, treated with medication
Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy
Early Infantile encephalopathy (Ohtahara)
Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (West)
Lennox Gastaut: Epileptic syndrome with different seizure types
Dravet: Seizure triggered by heat/fever, focal, generalized seizures, with slow wave on EEG
Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizure (Doose)
Neurological Deterioration
Rasmussen: Encephalopathy affecting single hemisphere (Atrophy of hemisphere)
Progressive Myoclonic epilepsies
Definitions
Seizure
Transient occurence of signs due to abnormal or excessive neuronal activityt in the brain
Epilepsy
Disorder of brain characterized by enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures
The following characteristics
2 unprovoked seizures occuring >24 hrs apart
One unprovoked seizure, and probability of recurrence increased after 2 unproviked seizure
Diagnossi of Epilepsy Syndrome
Provoked Seizure
Seizure occurring at time of systemic insult or in close association with tmeporal insult
Classficiation
Focal Onset
Motor Onset or Non Motor Onset
Motor: Automatisms, atonic, clonic, epileptic, hyperkinetic, myoclonic, tonic
Non-Motor: Autonomic, behavior arrest, cognitive, emotional, sensory
Aware or impaired Awareness
Generalized onset
Motor or Non Motor
Aware: Tonic,clonic, clonic, tonic, myoclonic, myotonic-tonic-clonic, myoclonic-atonic, atonic, epileptic spasms
Non-Motor
Typical, atypical, myoclonic, eyelid myoclonia
Unknown Onset
Motor
Tonic-clonic, epileptic
Non-motor
Behavior arrest
Etiology
Presentations