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CHAPTER 7: Management and Leadership - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 7: Management and Leadership
Managers’ Roles Are Evolving
Managers Today
Tend to be collaborative
Emphasize teams and team building.
Guide, train, support, motivate, and coach employees
Need to be skilled communicators and team players.
Need to be globally prepared.
The Four Functions of Management
Planning
Organizing.
Leading.
Controlling.
Planning and Decision Making
Setting the organization’s vision, goals, and objectives.
Vision
: — More than a goal; an encompassing explanation of why the organization exists and where it’s trying to go.
Goals
— The broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain.
Objectives
— Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organization’s goals.
Mission statement
— An outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization
Types of Planning
Strategic planning — Determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.
Tactical planning — Developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done.
Operational planning — Setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company’s tactical objectives.
Contingency planning — Preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don’t achieve the organization’s objectives.
Decision Making
Rational decision-making model steps:
Define the situation.
Describe and collect needed information.
Develop alternatives.
Decide which alternative is best.
Do what is indicated.
Determine whether the decision was a good one, and follow up.
Problem solving — The process of solving the everyday problems that occur; less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action.
Brainstorming — Coming up with as many solutions as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas.
PMI — Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column.
Organizing
Management Levels
Top management — Highest level, consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans.
Middle management — Includes general managers, division managers, and branch and plant managers who are responsible for tactical planning and controlling.
Supervisory management — Those directly responsible for supervising workers and evaluating their daily performance.
Tasks and Skills at Different Levels of Management
Technical skills
Human relations skills
Conceptual skills
Staffing: Getting and Keeping the Right People
Staffing — Hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company’s objectives
Leading: Providing Continuous Vision and Values
Leaders must:
Communicate a vision and rally others around that vision.
Establish corporate values.
Promote corporate ethics.
Embrace change.
Stress accountability and responsibility.
Leadership Styles
Autocratic leadership —Make managerial decisions without consulting others
Participative or democratic leadership — Managers and employees work together to make decisions.
Free-rein leadership — Managers set objectives and employees are relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives.
Empowering Workers
Empowerment — Progressive leaders give employees the authority to make decisions on their own without consulting a manager.
Enabling — Giving workers the education and tools they need to make decisions.
Managing Knowledge
Knowledge management — Finding the right information, keeping the information in a readily accessible place, and making the information known to everyone in the firm.
Control Function
Measures performance relative to planned objectives.
Rewards people for work well done.
Takes necessary corrective action.