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Unit 2.2 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2.2
Reparation
Often involves compensation for the victim / victim's family
Can include reparations to society / communities
May include
Monetary compensation
Return of property
Rehabilitation
Symbolic measures
Includes restorative justice
Allows the victim to explain the affects of the crime
The offender can understand the impacts of their actions
Benefits
Makes justice the work of the community
Considers the interests of victims & offenders
Allows for proportionate punishments
Favours restitution over retribution
Forward looking
Retribution
About seeking justice / revenge
About the deserving punishment
"An eye for an eye"
Not about trying to alter future behaviour
Increased prison sentences for death by dangerous driving
Max sentence was increased from 5-10 years in 1993
Criminal Justice Act 2003 increased it again to 14 years
Rehabilitation
Aim is to reform offenders & reintroduce / reintegrate them back into society
Hopes behaviour will be altered & individuals will not reoffend
Through anger management, drug rehabilitation, support groups...
Norway
Lowest recidivism rate in the world
only 20% reoffend
Very good rehabilitation facilities
Gives them job experience & education
Very expensive + double the UK price
£76,000 per prisoner annually
Public protect / incapacitation
Prevents offenders from exercising their freedom
Includes
Prison
Curfew
Tags
Capital punishment
Castration
Criminal Justice Act 2003 allowed the court to give intermediate sentences to a 'dangerous' offender who is convicted of serious violent or sexual offences
Deterrence
Individual
To ensure the offender does not reoffend
Based on the fear of punishment
Recidivism rates are increasing
46% of adult offenders reoffend within a year
63% of adults reoffend if their sentence is below 1 year
General
Aim to prevent potential offenders from committing a crime
Weakened due to reliance on someone else
Certainty of getting caught is more effective than the severity of the punishment
Public often don't know the punishments unless published by the media
Harsher punishments can be issued due to moral panic