Urological Disorders

Disorder Areas

Ureter, bladder, urethra, prostate

obstructive uropathy- fluid buildup in kidneys, prolonged obstruction results in increased hydrostatic pressure

Lower UTI- more common in women, most commonly originating from E. coli

Urolithiasis- stones in kidney

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Assessmnent of Urological Disorders

Signs and symptoms- dysuria, increased urination frequency

Diagnosis- urinalysis, microscopic urinalysis, CBC

Specific techniques- cytoscopy, urodynamic testing

Urinalysis-peeing into a cup for further testing, not sterile, looking for color, clarity, cloudiness, amount and prescnece of blood

Reveals presence or absence of bacteria

Treatments

For infections- antiobiotics

Calculi- pain medications, increased fluid intake, lithoripsy

Cystoscopic surgery, kegel exercises

For UTI-antibiotics, hydration, cranberry juice

Main types of Renal Calculi

Urosepsis- serious complication of UTI, bacteria with bacterual endotoxins, acute, sever illness, fever, chills, confusion, disorientation

Calcium-most common, hypercalcemia

Struvite-magnesium and ammonium phosphate

Uric acid-foods high in purines, gout

Cystine-rare, disorder of cystine metabolism

Bladder Cancer

Cardinal feature-painless, intermittent, gross hematuria

Frequency, urgency, dysuria, sensation of incomplete baldder cancer

Urinary Incontenence

Overflow incontinence- chronic overdistention and urinary retention in bladder, detrusor muscle loses strength and elasticity

Nuerogenic bladder- spinal cord disorders

Treatments- kegel exercises, anticholongeric drug that decreases bladder activity, botox injections into overactive bladder