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Basic concept of logic - Coggle Diagram
Basic concept of logic
What is logic?
Study of the principles and methods
distinguish the reasoning
correct
incorrect
Elaborate arguments
support
conclusions
corrects
incorrects
formulate
spoken
written
The following are exposed
reasons
we believe that they justify the argument
are not always good
Proposition
states that something
is
is not
differ from the
Questions
orders
exclamations
apply to propositions
the truth
do not apply
Questions
orders
exclamations
the fallacy
Two sentences constructed by different words
can have the same meaning
be used to assert the same proposition
example
"Maria won the election" and "The election was won by Maria."
Argumentos
In order for there to be an argument
there has to be a structure to this set of compositions.
the conclusion of an argument
is the proposition that is asserted on the basis of other propositions
support the conclusion
The simplest argument
with a premise and a conclusion
can be in the same statement
the conclusion follows from the premise
is built by a group of propositions
some propositions look like arguments
cannot be arguments
Reasoning
State the reasons for our beliefs
is a matter of course
to build arguments
Need to practice
someone who practices
more likely to be able to reason correctly
Argumentos deductivos e inductivos
Deductive
supported conclusion
by its premises
true premises
true conclusion
Inductive
the premises are true
support with a certain probability
do not support the conclusion with certainty
validity and invalidity do not apply
Every argument asserts
its assumptions provide the basis for
the truth of its conclusion
When it is argued that the premises
are true
offer incontrovertible foundations
for the truth of its conclusion
if correct
is valid
if incorrect
premises being true
do not establish the conclusion
Validity and Truth
A deductive argument is valid
when successful
its validity consists of
in the relationship between its propositions
proposition serving as premise
proposition serving as a conclusion
the truth
is the attribute of a proposition that affirms what is actually the case
can never apply to a single proposition
truth and falsehood are attributes of the propositions
validity and invalidity are attributes of arguments
relations between
true propositions and valid arguments
are of a critical and complicated nature
an argument can be valid even when 1 or more of its premises are false
are located at the heart of deductive logic.