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02 The Course of War
Third Phase (1917-1918)
The last phase of the war began in 1917
a year that would be critical.
1-The triumph of the Revolution in Russia meant that the country was out of the game.
It ended up signing a peace treaty
in terms that led to its surrender in 1918.
However
the powers of the Triple Entente
overcame this setback thanks to the intervention of the United States.
This was the decisive factor that shifted in its favour.
2-Allied counterattacks
and the progressive loss of support from Germany
led the German army to conclude that the war could not be won.
Emperor William II abdicated
and the Weimar Republic was proclaimed.
3-Near the end of the conflict
the president of the United States
Woodrow Wilson,
proposed a peace plan,
known as Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
After the defeat of the central empires
the armistice was signed.
This led to the end of hostilities in November 1918.
Chain Reaction
is the specific reason why a conflict begins
In the case of World War I
was the assassination of the crown prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
On 28 June 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
was shot in Sarajevo
by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian separatist.
In response
Austria-Hungary threatened to annex Serbia
while Russia stood up in defence of Serbia
Immediately, there was a reaction from all the alliances:
Germany attacked France
and Great Britain decided to come to its defence.
The Great War had begun.
Second Phase (1915-1916)
In 1915
the Triple Entente troops
held back the Germans on the Western Front
along the Marne River, near Paris.
A new phase began
trench warfare or war of position
and both armies were unable to advance
As a result
the war came to a standstill
with terrible losses of human life on both
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THE BATTLE OF VERDUN (1916)
On 21 February 1916, began
It lasted nearly 10 months
one of the bloodiest battles of the Great War
was waged following methods from the 19th century
but with the deadly weapons of the 20th century.
The cost was 700,000 casualties, either killed or wounded.
First Phase (1914)
In the first phase
called war of movement
1-Germany launched a rapid attack against France
through Belgium
with the intention of dominating it quickly
2- Simultaneously
a combined action by Germans and Austro-Hungarians
repelled early Russian advances
on the Eastern Front.
3- Over these months
the powers were still confident of a quick victory
guaranteed by:
the readiness of their armies
and the modernity of new weapons deployed on the battlefield.
However
these factors soon vanished as the war fronts stabilised.
