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Biological Approach - The brain and behaviour - Coggle Diagram
Biological Approach - The brain and behaviour
TECHNIQUES
Brain Imaging Techniques
CAT Scan
Computerized axial tomography
What does it do?
- Moving scan sends x-ray beams through the head which is picked up by a detector on the other side. Bone and hard tissue absorb beams better than soft tissue. Multiple beams result in a map of the structure of the beam.
PET Scan
Positron Emission Tomography
What does it do?
- Injects radioactive tracker (short half-life and binds to molecules in the brain like glucose) into the blood stream and scanner picks up radio frequencies. Greater radio frequency's = more active because requires more blood flow.
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
What does it do?
- External magnetic field picks up energy (in pulses) admitted from hydrogen atoms (atomic nuclei). A scanner reads pulses and creates a map based off of relative distribution of hydrogen atoms.
fMRI
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Uses blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (BOLD) to track the blood flow/activity to parts of the brain.
EEG
Electroencephalogram
What does it do?
- Measures electric potentials generated by neural circuits. Electrodes are attached to the scalp at predetermined points to pick up changes in the electric potential of scalp areas.
Why is brain imaging used?
Used because it allows us to study the brain in
noninvasive
fashion
Maguire (2000)
LOCALIZATION
localisation vs equipotential
Localisation of function - different parts of the brain are responsible for different behaviours
Disruptive processing - some parts don't work in complete isolation
Eugene Pauly (1992)
HM: Milner (1966)
Triangulation
Method - When more than one research method is used
Researcher - When more than one researcher studies a case. Researchers are able to compare their observations and interpretations in order to increase reliability and credibility
Data - more than one source of data is used
Theory - When we look at a case from more than one theoretical perspective (biological/sociocultural/cognitive)
NEUROPLASTICITY
Dendritic branching vs pruning
Neurons fault due to stress. natural process where the brain aliminates extra synapses. Brains way of removing connections that are no longer needed
neurons grow
Cup Stacking
Examples of neuroplasiticy
Love
Loss of sight
Depression
Phantom limbs
Trauma - PTSD
Draganski (2004)
Definition: the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth (dendritic branching) and reorganization (cortical remapping). These changes range from individual neuron pathways to making new connections as a result of environmental stimulation.
Neural network: Brain conisits of neurons/nerve cells that transmit the information recieved from our senses. Many such nerve cells are arranged together in our brauns to form a network of neurons. Pass electrical impulses from one neruon to another.
Neaural networks
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Agonist
Leyton (2013)
Alcohol - dopamine
Antagonist
Antonova (2011)
Excitatory
Inhibitory
