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ACIDS & BASES (ALKALINES) - Coggle Diagram
ACIDS & BASES (ALKALINES)
Neutralisation
a reaction between an acid and alkaline solution that produces a salt and water - the acid and bas cancel eachother out making the solution neutral (PH of 7)
The types of products and reactants needed for neutralisation
Acid + Base (Alkali) → Salt + Water
The PH scale
litmus paper
it turns red in the solution if it is an acid
it turns blue in the solution if it is an alkaline
it turns purple in the solution if it is neutral
universal indicator
It turns red/yellow/green when in an acid
It turns green/blue/purple when in an alkaline solution
it turns dark green when in a neutral solution
a scale of 1-14
1-6 = acidic
7 = neutral
8-14 = alkaline
Reactions with metals and acids
when metals react with an acid a salt and hydrogen gas is produced
examples
Metal + Hydrochloric Acid → Metal Chloride + Hydrogen
Metal + Sulfuric Acid → Metal Sulfate + Hydrogen
acids
Have a PH lower than 7
when dissolved in water they produce hydrogen ions H⁺
this is what makes the water acidic
Alkalies (Bases)
When dissolved in water the produce hydroxide ions OH⁻⁻⁻
this is what makes the water an alkaline solution
have a PH higher than 7