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Gender - Coggle Diagram
Gender
Sex and Gender
Sex Role Stereotypes: Androgyny A01
Sex:
Bio differences between males & females form conception due to chromosomes xy/xx
Gender:
Psych (behaviour) distinction between masculine and feminine personality traits, may not match bio sex
Sex Role Stereotype:
Culturally shared set of expectations of correct male and female behaviour, learnt through socialisation
Androgyny:
Having a balanced mixture of both masculine and feminine personality traits
Bem Sex Role Inventory:
(Bem 1974) a measure of androgyny, ppts rate themselves on a 7 point scale on 60 characteristics/ traits. Sored on two dimensions high both = androgynous low = undifferentiated
BRSI Traits:
20Mas (aggressive, independent, risk taking) 20Fem (warm, cheerful, shy) 20Neu (reliable, adaptable)
Bem argued
androgynous people are more psychologically healthy than other types
Sex Role Stereotypes: Androgyny A01
Bem (1974)
showed gender matched sex in most males and females 24%M and 27%F are androgynous
Reliable:
BSRI has shown a high test retest reliability and has been used successfully in an number of gender studies
Undifferentiated type was added by Bem
in a development to the theory in 1981 to identify people with few m/f traits
Awareness of gender identity
as separate from sex & androgyny as positive may reduce gender stereotyping
Adam and Sherer (1985)
masculine M&F were better adapted in measures of assertiveness and self-efficacy
Simplistic:
BRSI score oversimplifies gender identity, it often adapts depending on context, work role and social groups.
BRISI lacks temporal validity
due to social change/roles. Feminine involves traits such as "childlike" and "gullible"
Chromosomes and Hormones
Role of Chromosomes and Hormones A01
Role of Chromosomes:
23rd pair determines bio sex xx=F. Testes develop due to are on "Y" chromosome, testes produces M sex hormones resulting in other sex differences