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How far did Giolitti succeed in bringing Italians together by 1914 -…
How far did Giolitti succeed in bringing Italians together by 1914
Economically
Economic growth under Giolitti from 1903-1914 seemed to help the Liberal Government establish itself
Wages rose by 25% from 1890-1915
As the economy developed, shopkeepers and small traders joined the PETTY BOURGEOISIE which was increasing
Concerned about the dangers of socialism, power of big business and the weakness of the government
Began to look for an alternative to liberalism
Peasant Land
Industrial Areas
Major expansion of industry after 1900
Tried to make the state more neutral in industrial disputes, instead of automatically using its power against the workers
This failed to satisfy the unions, and the growth of socialism continued
His policy worried industrialists who feared that the liberal system would no longer defend their interests as they saw a neutral government as being on the side of the workers
Industrialists began to look for a more authoritarian form of government which would resist any challenges from the workers
Gets rid of ban on trade unions
Turning North of Italy (Milan, Turin and Genoa) into industrial powerhouse, accounting from 55% of industrial income, however limited compared to other nations
Industry was limited due to lack of materials, labour and technology such as transport
New industrial companies established, exports grew by 10.4% and workers increased by 2 million
Social
The main issues Giolitti faced was gaining the support of the masses and the elite at the same time
AND
reconcile catholicism, socialism and nationalism into the state
Threat from growing socialist movement,
RADICALS
(Maximalists) and
SYNDICALISTS
CGL Syndicalists
wanted social change where all of the countries sections of industry to unite e.g. all the car manufacturers come together and be represented by the car syndicates
PSI maximalists
wanted a revolution to take over the state and create a socialist state
Social reforms controlling female and child labour and the establishment of social insurance and pension schemes
Right to vote extended to all males aged 30 and over
In trying to please one section, he alienated another. In trying to gain the support of all three opposition groups, he only angered Liberals feared the increase in the influence of the Church and the Socialists
Gave in to nationalist pressure and attacked Libya in 1911, then ruled by the Ottomans, which Italy won
Italy had finally won a war
Many ordinary Italians resented the war as they were conscripted to fight and taxed to fund a war they didnt understand
Reduced criticism from the nationalist right but also strengthened criticism from radical socialists
Social reforms to try and unify the state undermined to some extent by his use of TRASFORMISMO (corrupt politician tactics)
First Liberal to try to appeal to the Catholic Vote
1913, Pope gave his support and helped Giolitti win the election
However, alliance was unstable as Giolitti was unwilling to grant promises he couldnt keep