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learning approaches - Coggle Diagram
learning approaches
social learning theory
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assumptions
learning explained through observational learning/modelling, which involves identification, imitation, and reinforcement
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identification
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children more likely to identify and learn from models who are like them, particularly same sex models
modelling
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person becomes a role model if they are seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer and/or are attractive and have higher status.may not necessarily be physically present in the environment, which has implications for the influence of the media on behaviour
vicarious reinforcement
indirect learning takes place by observing behaviour of others. imitation likely to occur if behaviour seen to be rewarded rather than punished
meditational processes
cognitive factors that influence learning process to determine whether new behaviour acquired or not
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bandura
showed videos to children where an adult behaved aggressively towards the Bobo doll. One group of children saw the adult praised for their behaviour. A second group saw the adult punished for the aggression towards the doll, by being told off. The third group (control group) saw the aggression without any consequence. When given their own Bobo doll to play with, the first group showed much more aggression, followed by the third group and then the second
demonstrated the role of the vicarious reinforcement whereby the children had learned (through observation of others) to imitate the adult role model
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evaluation
limitation- bandura makes little reference to biological factors on learning for example hormonal factors such as levels of testosterone as one consisted finding was boys were more aggressive than girls regardless of experimental condition therefore limiting SLT application
strength- has been applied practically to promote desirable behaviours. prosocial behaviour is modelled by teachers and adults who interact with children and been used to encourage desirable behaviour such a s sharing. also ensured children not exposed to negative role models such as providing certificates on films. this increases SLTs value
behaviourist approach
assumptions
maintains more control and objectivity within reseasrc and relies on lab experiments to achieve this
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classical conditioning
pavlov
conditioned dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell, as they learned to associate the sound of the bell (NS) with the food (UCS) until they salivated every time they heard the bell
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operant conditioning
new voluntary behaviour is associated with a consequence reinforcement which makes the behaviour more likely to occur, while punishment makes it less likely to occur
skinner
created experimental tool called Skinner box which allowed for complete control of the organisms environment, the behaviours that were available to it and the reinforcement or punishment it would receive
investigated how the type of reinforcement or punishment given and the rate of reinforcement/punishment affected the rate of learning
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evaluation
strength- gave psychology greater scientific credibility and status as focused on careful measurement of observable behaviour within controlled lab settings and emphasised importance of scientific processes such as objectivity and replication
limitation- may not be appropriate to extrapolate findings from animals to humans as humans learn in different way for example with language and human emotions have been show to influence behaviour
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