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HIV and AIDs, HIV virus binds to the host cell - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Stage 2 | Clinical Latency/Chronic HIV infection
        
        May or may not have any symptoms listed before
        
        Stage can last for over 10 years
        
        With current treatments most patients don't develop past this stage
        
        If medication is taken correctly disease won't transmit
        
        Stage 3 | AIDS
        
        AIDS is when the body's immune system is too weak to fight off the HIV virus and other diseases, viruses, and infections
        
        Rapid weight loss, recurring fever, profuse night sweats, extreme and unexplained fatigue, prolonged swelling of the lymph nodes, chronic diarrhea, sores in anus mouth and genitals, pneumonia, bruising of skin, memory loss, other neurological disorders
        
        Any or all of the symptoms can be related to other illnesses
        
        Symptoms originating from other illnesses are call opportunistic infections
      - Fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, mouth ulcers
        
        Symptoms can last for several days to weeks
      - within 2-4 week after infection symptoms can appear
      - Disease is highly transmittable during stage
  - - - PEP | Post-exposure Prophylaxis
        
        Must be taken within 72 hours of exposure
        
        The medication taken depends on doctor evaluation
        
        Must be taken for 28 days consistently and have follow up testing after 4 weeks and again at 3 months
      - Medication is for people at risk for HIV
        
        Helps prevent transmission from sex or injected drug use
      - Apretude | Cabotegravir
        
        Descovy | Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide
        
        Truvada | Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
        
        Approved in 2004
        
        Pill
        
        Approved in 2016
        
        Pill
        
        Approved in 2021
        
        Long acting injection
  - - - Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)/ Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
        
        Taking a combination of different medicines everyday
        
        The medicines reduce the amount of HIV in the body
      - First medication to be tested to treat HIV
    - - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
        
        Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
        
        Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)
        
        Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
        
        Block the enzyme protease
        
        Block the enzyme intergrase
        
        Bind to and change the enzyme reverse transcriptase
        
        Block the enzyme reverse transcriptase
      - Fusion Inhibitors (FIs)
        
        CCR5 Antagonists and Post-Attachment Inhibitors
        
        Attachment Inhibitors
        
        Binds to a specific protein on the outer shell of the CD4 cell and blocks entry
        
        Selectively block entry into the CD4 cells by preventing interaction between CD4 cells and gp120 sub unit of the viral envelope
        
        Bind to the envelope glycoprotein gp41 and prevent viral fusion
    - - Pharmacokinetic Enhancers
        
        Increase the effectiveness of other medications by slowing down the breakdown of other medications making them stay in the body longer
      - Combining different types of medications is also possible
- - - - 1983 | Congress passes first bill with funding for AIDS research and treatment
        
        1986 | Virus causing AIDS officially dubbed HIV
        
        1987 | Zidovudine (AZT) is the first drug to pre-approved by the FDA for treatment
        
        1988 | Congress establishes OAR to coordinate HIV/AIDS research
        
        1993 | CDC expands definition of AIDS
        
        1994 | Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) becomes new form of treatment
        
        1 more item...
- - - - HIV begins to create long chains of HIV proteins
        
        HIV proteins and RNA move to the surface of the cell and are assembled into immature HIV
        
        7.Immature HIV is pushed out of the host cell and protease activates and is turned into mature and infectious HIV
        
        HIV turns into AIDS when the amount of CD4 cells reaches less than 200
        
        AIDS is uncurable
        
        The amount of HIV in the body is referred to as the Viral Load