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Socialism - Coggle Diagram
Socialism
Key Thinkers
Rosa Luxemburg
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Key ideas:
- Examined the intrinsic connections between capitalism, nationalism, militarism and imperialism
- Represented a form of Marxism that attempted to steer a course between Bolshevik and Marxist revisionism
- Advanced the first Marxist critique of Bolshevik tradition from point view of democracy
Anthony Crosland
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Key ideas:
- Dismissed Marxism on the grounds that capitalism no longer existed
- Defined socialism in terms of ethical goals, equality and social justice, rather than class antagonism and common ownership
- supported a diverse and radical set of 'means' to advance them, included a strengthened welfare state
Beatrice Webb
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Key ideas:
- Advocated bringing all kinds of social provision up to a national minimum, anticipating post 1945 UK welfare state
- Socialism associated with expansion rather that contraction of the state, this is reflected in clause IV Labour Party's 1918 constitution
- Championed a paternalistic form of socialism that relied on 'permeation' of elite groups
Anthony Giddens
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Key ideas:
- Referred to as Tony Blair's guru'
- Explained plight of traditions, forms of socialism and conservatism in terms of sociological developments
- Modern societies have become so complex and fluid that they have to be organised substantially through the market and networks
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View on the state
Two views
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Other socialists: regard state as an embodiment of common good, approve of intervetionsim in either social democratic/ state- collectivist form
Marxist theory of state
- State can't be understood as separate from economic structure of society- state emerges out of class system, function being to maintain and defend the oppression and exploitation.
- The communist manifesto (1848-1976) Marx and Engels
- The state and revolution (1964)
- If state is a 'bourgeois state,' political reform and gradual change are pointless
- Regular elections conceal reality of equal class power
- Need revolution to get rid of state
' Means' and 'Ends'
Impact:
- use of revolution relates to the pursuit of fundamentalist ends
- Revolution has advantage that allowed the remnants of old order to be overthrown and an entirely new social system
- Capitalism could be abolished and a qualitatively different socialist society established in its place
- Socialism took form of state collectivisation, modelled on soviets' union
- The revolutionary 'road,' associated with drift towards dictatorship.
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