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Ethnicity - Cultural Deprivation - Coggle Diagram
Ethnicity - Cultural Deprivation
sees underachievement of some ethnic groups as a result of inadequate socialisation in the home
Intellectual & Linguistic Skills
low income black families lack intellectual stimulation + enriching experiences
poorly equipped for school as they've not been able to develop reasoning + problem soloving skills
Bereiter + Engelmann
language used in lower class homes is deficient
language spoken by low income black American families inadequate for educational success
see it as ungrammatical, disjointed + incapable of expressing abstract ideas
concern children who don't speak English at home may be held back educationally
pupils with English as first language only 3.2 points ahead of those without English as first language when it came to gaining 5 GCSEs A* to C
Gillborn + Mirza
note Indian pupils doe very well despite often not having English as their first language at home
Attitudes & Values
lack of motivation major cause of failure for many black children
most children socialised into mainstream culture which instils ambition, competitiveness + willingness to make necessary sacrifices to achieve long-term goals
some black children socialised into fatalism ('live for today') that doesn't value education + leaves them unequipped for succes
Family Structure & Parental Support
failure to adequately socialise children result of dysfunctional family structure
Moynihan
many black families headed by single mother
children deprived of adequate care as mother struggles financially in absence of male breadwinner
fathers absence = lack of male role model
cycle where inadequately socialised children from unstable families go onto fail at school + become inadequate parents themselves
New Right
Murray
high rate of lone parenthood + lack of +ve male role model leads to underachievement of some minorities
Scruton
low achievement results from failure to embrace mainstream culture
Pryce
Asians are higher achievers because their culture is more resistant to racism + gives them greater sense of self worth
Black Caribbean culture less cohesive + less resistant to racism resulting low self esteem + underachievement
experience of slavery culturally devastating for blacks as they lost their language, religion + family system
in contrast, Asian family structures, languages + religions not destroyed by colonial rule
Sewell
underachievement not as a result of absence of fathers but a lack of fatherly nurturing or tough love
black boys find it hard to overcome emotional + behavioural difficulties of adolescence
street gangs of other fatherless boys offer perverse loyalty + love
presents boys with media inspired role model of anti-school black masculinity
biggest barrier black boys face is black peer pressure
concludes black children, particularly boys, need to have greater expectations placed on them to raise their aspirations
critical race theorists such as
Gillborn
argue it's not peer pressure but institutional racism that systematically produces failure of black boys
Archer + Francis
parents of Chinese pupils placed exceptionally high value on education
British Chinese pupils more successful than any other ethnic group
Asian Families
benefit from supportive families
'Asian work ethic'
high value on education
Lupton
adult authority in Asian families similar to that of schools
respectful behaviour towards adults expected
knock on effect in school
White working class Families
McCulloch
ethnic minority pupils more likely to aspire to go to uni then white British pupils
Lupton
studied 4 mainly working class schools
teachers reported poorer levels of behaviour + discipline in white working class schools despite fewer children on FSM
teachers blamed this on low levels of parental support + -ve attitudes of parents towards school
Evans
street culture in white working class areas can be brutal so young people have to learn how to withstand intimidation + intimidate others
school can become place where power games are played out bringing disruption
EVALUATION
:( Driver criticises for ignoring +ve effects of ethnicity on achievement as Black Caribbean family provides role models for girls of strong independent women which may be why black girls do better than black boys
:( Lawrence challenges Pryce's view arguing black pupils fail because of racism
:( Keddie see cultural deprivation as victim blaming, arguing ethnic minority children culturally different, not culturally deprived + that they underachieve because school are ethnocentric
:( shouldn't assume all members of an ethnic group share exactly the same culture + there may be differences between genders
Compensatory education
additional educational provision intended to fill gaps or counter weaknesses in knowledge + skills suffered due to deprived background
tackle cultural deprivation
:( critics oppose as they see it as an attempt to impose dominant white culture on children who already have coherent culture of their own
proposed alternatives
multicultural education
policy that recognises + values minority cultures + includes them curriculum
anti-racist education
policy that challenges prejudice + discrimination that exists in school + wider society
pupils deprived or advantaged educationally as a result of distinctive features pf their ethnic groups culture
Tehmina Basit
cultural factors had impact on educational achievement in Britain Asian Communities
collected data on attitudes to education among Asians in West Midlands
focus groups with children (aged 15 to 16)
studied 3 generations
all placed high value on education
saw free state education as a 'blessing' as it offered more opportunities than available in their home country
parents tended to put considerable effort + resources into helping their children, even relatively poor parents
parents expected children to work hard + actively helped children with their studies