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Bone Health, Essential for!, stimulates the activation, Inhibits the…
Bone Health
About Bones
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Calcium Balance
regulated by
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3 hormones
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Calcitonin
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inhibits osteoclast cells from breaking down bone, preventing the release of Ca
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dietary Ca intake effect bon health, indirectly affects blood Ca
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Measuring Bone Density
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Ultrasound
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screening, no diagnostic use
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Minerals
Magnesium
Function in body
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Blood and tissue
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Enzyme systems
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PRO, FAT and nucleic acid synthesis
Generate E from CHO, PRO, FAT
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increased losses of Mg
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deficiency
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tetany at extremely low levels of Mg in the body, like Ca
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Calcium is different from most nutrients in that it is tightly regulated by hormones. Regardless of dietary intake, calcium concentration remains relatively unchanged.
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Phosphorus
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NON-BONE Important Roles
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Phosphorus used in phospholipids, lipoproteins, DNA, RNA, ATP, and for activated B-Vitamin Co-Enzymes
DRI-RDA of 700 mg/day, with DRI-UL of 4000mg/day
AVG consumption for women is 1180 mg/day, men is 1500 mg/day
Second most common mineral in the body, approx 600g in a 60-kg person
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Vitamins
Vitamin D
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Sources
Skin
7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor made from cholesterol in the liver, when exposed to UV light and heat from the body turns into
Vitamin D3 (Calciol)
Activated by hydroxylation in the liver to calcidiol, then calcitriol in kidneys, to become activated Vitamin D3
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Factors affecting endogenous synthesis include skin colour, age, SPF greater than 8, pollution, weather, latitude, and exposure time.
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Diet
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Incorporated into chylomicrons, then the remnants delivery dietary D3 to liver for hydroxylation
Deficiency
Rickets in Children
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Low Vitamin D in diet/breast milk, and little exposure to sun may lead to rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoid doesn't mineralize properly, making bones soft and flexible, but not rigid
Treatment through increase dietary intake, supplements, controlled exposure to sun
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Vitamin K
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Quinones
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stored in liver, some in adipose tissue
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Food Source
broccoli, spinach, kale, swiss chard, Brussels sprouts, asparagus, collards
cauliflower, avocado, cabbage
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Ca provides strength and structure in the bones, while Vit K regulates calcium in the bones. Making sure that Ca is deposited into matrix, help with bone formation
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