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Reproductive System Yarely Franco, Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System
Yarely Franco, Period 2
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Menstrual cycle
- estrogen increases to thicken endometrium of uterus
Follicle maturation
- day 14 of cycle follicle matures fully
Ovulation
- triggered by surge of LH, secondary oocyte and follicle fluid are released from ovary
Luteal phase-
hormone levels decline, new blood vessels constrict, uterine lining disintegrates and sheds
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Develops & maintains organs for reproduction of offspring
Produces gametes- sperm and oocytes
Male system delivers sperm to female
Female system houses and nourishes developing embryo and fetus
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Epididymis
- site of sperm maturation
Ductus Deferens
- ejaculatory gland travels through prostate and empties into urethra
Male Internal Accessory Organs
- epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland
Seminal Vesicles
- secrete fluid that makes up semen during emission
Prostate Gland-
secretes thin, milky fluid
Bulbourethral gland
- secrete mucus into urethra to lube tip of penis
Scrotum
- protects and regulates temp of testes
Male External Accessory Organs
- scrotum & penis
Penis
- conveys urine and semen to the outside
Primary sex organ
- Testes
Hormones of the reproductive system
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-
secreted by hypothalamus
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-stimulates cells to produce testosterone & may be converted to estrogen
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
Androgens
- cause changes during puberty
Estrogen
- female secondary sexual characteristics
Progesterone
- main source is ovaries, triggers uterine changes during period
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Uterus
- receives embryo and maintains development of fetus
Vagina
- conveys uterine secretions to outside, receives penis, and pathway for baby
Uterine Tubes-
site of fertilization
Labia Majora-
enclose/protect other external organs
Vestibule Glands
-secrete fluid that lubricates vestibule
Labia Minora
- protect openings of vagina and urethra
Clitoris
- feelings of pleasure
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Rhythm Method
- not having sex around time of ovulation
Mechanical Barriers
- prevents sperm from entering vagina during sex (condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap)
Coitus Interruptus
- withdraw of penis from vagina before ejaculation, some may reach vagina before
Chemical Barriers
- contain spermicides, most effective when used w/ condoms (creams, foams, jellies)
Combined Hormone Contraceptives
- contain estrogen/progestins to prevent pregnancy (chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives)
Injectable Contraceptives-
injection of progesterone that prevents follicle maturation and ovulation
Contraceptive Implants
- implant of rod containing progestin under skin of arm
IUDs-
object injected into uterus
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Hepatitis
- A- transmitted through food, water, other objects B- blood, semen, body fluid C- contact w/ blood from infected
Gonorrhea
- infection in genitals, rectum, and throat. Common in ages 15-24. Painful when peeing, increased discharge, anal itching, and painful BM.
Bacterial Vaginosis
- too much bacteria in vagina
Signs- gray vaginal discharge, itching, burning in vagina Treatment- antibiotics
Prevention- no sex w/ multiple partners
Chlamydia
- women-vaginal discharge, men- discharge from penis
Genital Herpes
- no symptoms, blister on genitals, rectum, mouth, flu-like feelings
Syphilis
- primary- sores at sight of infection secondary- skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, fever
Trichomoniasis
- STD through parasite. transmitted through touch w/ infected. 90% have no signs, but may be seen w/ mild to severe inflammation.
AIDS/HIV
- AIDs caused by HIV, can be transmitted through sex or sharing needles. HIV is found in semen, results in destruction of bodys immune defenses.
HPV/Genital Warts-
STI, transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex w/ infected person. No symptoms.
PID
- pelvic inflammatory disease may lead to infection & sterility in females, uterine tube scarring. Transmitted through not treated STD, having sex. Symptoms include pain in lower abdomen, fever, unusual discharge, and bleeding.