Reproductive System
Yarely Franco, Period 2

Events of the female hormonal cycles

Major functions of the Reproductive system

Anatomy of male reproductive structures

Hormones of the reproductive system

Anatomy of female reproductive structures

Methods and Classification of contraceptives

Disorders associated with the reproductive system

Hepatitis- A- transmitted through food, water, other objects B- blood, semen, body fluid C- contact w/ blood from infected

Gonorrhea- infection in genitals, rectum, and throat. Common in ages 15-24. Painful when peeing, increased discharge, anal itching, and painful BM.

Bacterial Vaginosis- too much bacteria in vagina
Signs- gray vaginal discharge, itching, burning in vagina Treatment- antibiotics
Prevention- no sex w/ multiple partners

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)- secreted by hypothalamus

Develops & maintains organs for reproduction of offspring

Luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulates cells to produce testosterone & may be converted to estrogen

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone

Androgens- cause changes during puberty

Estrogen- female secondary sexual characteristics

Progesterone- main source is ovaries, triggers uterine changes during period

  1. Menstrual cycle- estrogen increases to thicken endometrium of uterus

Epididymis- site of sperm maturation

Ductus Deferens- ejaculatory gland travels through prostate and empties into urethra

Male Internal Accessory Organs- epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

Seminal Vesicles- secrete fluid that makes up semen during emission

Prostate Gland- secretes thin, milky fluid

Bulbourethral gland- secrete mucus into urethra to lube tip of penis

Scrotum- protects and regulates temp of testes

Male External Accessory Organs- scrotum & penis

Penis- conveys urine and semen to the outside

Uterus- receives embryo and maintains development of fetus

Vagina- conveys uterine secretions to outside, receives penis, and pathway for baby

Uterine Tubes- site of fertilization

Primary sex organ- Testes

Labia Majora- enclose/protect other external organs

Vestibule Glands-secrete fluid that lubricates vestibule

Labia Minora- protect openings of vagina and urethra

Clitoris- feelings of pleasure

Rhythm Method- not having sex around time of ovulation

Mechanical Barriers- prevents sperm from entering vagina during sex (condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap)

Coitus Interruptus- withdraw of penis from vagina before ejaculation, some may reach vagina before

Chemical Barriers- contain spermicides, most effective when used w/ condoms (creams, foams, jellies)

Combined Hormone Contraceptives- contain estrogen/progestins to prevent pregnancy (chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives)

Injectable Contraceptives- injection of progesterone that prevents follicle maturation and ovulation

Contraceptive Implants- implant of rod containing progestin under skin of arm

IUDs- object injected into uterus

  1. Follicle maturation- day 14 of cycle follicle matures fully
  1. Ovulation- triggered by surge of LH, secondary oocyte and follicle fluid are released from ovary
  1. Luteal phase- hormone levels decline, new blood vessels constrict, uterine lining disintegrates and sheds

Produces gametes- sperm and oocytes

Male system delivers sperm to female

Female system houses and nourishes developing embryo and fetus

Chlamydia- women-vaginal discharge, men- discharge from penis

Genital Herpes- no symptoms, blister on genitals, rectum, mouth, flu-like feelings

Syphilis- primary- sores at sight of infection secondary- skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, fever

Trichomoniasis- STD through parasite. transmitted through touch w/ infected. 90% have no signs, but may be seen w/ mild to severe inflammation.

AIDS/HIV- AIDs caused by HIV, can be transmitted through sex or sharing needles. HIV is found in semen, results in destruction of bodys immune defenses.

HPV/Genital Warts- STI, transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex w/ infected person. No symptoms.

PID- pelvic inflammatory disease may lead to infection & sterility in females, uterine tube scarring. Transmitted through not treated STD, having sex. Symptoms include pain in lower abdomen, fever, unusual discharge, and bleeding.