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Toxoplasma gondii, WhatsApp Image 2024-03-22 at 10.24.15 PM, WhatsApp…
Toxoplasma gondii
Morphology
TROPHOZOITE
Psuedocyst: during acute infection the proliferating trophozoite within host cell may appear rounded and enclosed by the host cell membrane .
it can invade any nucleated cell and replicate within cytoplasmic vacuoles by a process called endogony.
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OOCYST
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they undergo sporulation in soil with the formation of 2 sporocysts ,4 sporozoites.
LIFE CYCLE
- occurs in cats.
- cat aquire infection by ingestion of tissue cysts in met of rat.
- some merozoites enter extraintestinal tissues resulting in the formation of tissue cysts in other organs of the body.
- merozoites transform into male and female gametocytes and sexual cycle begins, with the formation of micro and macrogamete.
- results in formation of oocyst which passes through maturation stages in the soil.
- exoenteric cycle occurs in humans,mice, rats etc.
- eating uncooked infected meat, cause infection.
- sporozoites from oocyst and bradyozoites from the tissue cysts enter into the intestinal mucosa and multiply asexually and tachyzoites are formed.
- tachyzoites spread locally by lymphatic system and blood.
TREATMENT
- pyrimethamine.
- sulfadiazine + folinic acid.
- systemic corticosteroids.
PATHOGENESIS
- acute toxoplasmosis including fever , jaundice, petechial , rashes etc.
- birth defects.
- active progression of infection in immunocompromised patients.
- strabismus , deafness, blindness, mental retradation etc.
LAB DIAGNOSIS
- microscopic examination of blood , sputum, bone marrow.
- staining giemsa or PAS or G.MS Gomori methenamine silver stain.
- molecular methods : PCR, MRI and CT scan, antibody and antigen detection test
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