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Why collective security in Europe had collapsed by 1939 - Coggle Diagram
Why collective security in Europe had collapsed by 1939
Treaty System
The Rome-Berlin Axis of late 1936 and the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936-1937 which gave Germany support from Italy for the Anschluss which became another violation against the peace settlements
Germany's fear of The Franco-Soviet Treaty which threatened to envelop them, driving them to commit yet another violating act (remilitarisation of the Rhineland)
The devastating effects of the Treaty of Versailles contributed to namely Britain and France's inabilities to adequately respond and retaliate against Japan's, Italy's and Germany's expansion and violations of the treaty
Leaugue of Nations
Many members state were reluctant to enforce comprehensive sanction to most of the invasion led by Italy, Japan, Germany for fear of economic repercussion
Rise of Fasist powers challenged the Leaugue's authority and its commitment to collective security.
Italy's actions and the international community's response marked a significant dent in the principle of collective security. It became evident that the League was ill-equipped to handle aggression, especially when major powers had conflicting interests.
Italy and Germany
Remilitarisation of the Rhineland and invasion of Abyssinia as violations against the peace settlements
Russia
The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact where the Soviet Union supported Germany in the invasion of Poland (1st of Sept 1939) where 2 days later France and Germany declared war on Germany
Britain and France
Hoare-Laval Pact
betraying the principles of the League
The pact proposed granting Italy significant portion of Abyssinia.
When the pact became public, it was met with outrage, forcing bith
US
Isolationism
the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and the Spanish Civil War, also resulted in virtually no official commitment or action from the United States Government.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt tended to see a necessity for the United States to participate more actively in international affairs
but his ability to apply his personal outlook to foreign policy was limited by the strength of isolationist sentiment in the U.S. Congress.