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big ideas ! - Coggle Diagram
big ideas !
chapter 9: patterns of inheritance
Mendel's laws
study of genetic roots
hippocrates
pangenes
egg
female
sperm
male
heredity
character
trait
phenotype
genetics
genetic make up
alleles
genotype
test cross
dominat
dominant disorders
recessive
recessive disorders
carriers
homozygous
heterozygous
pedigree
genetic testing
fetal testing
amniocentesis
chronic villas sampling
fetal imaging
newborn screening
ethical considerations
ultrasound imaging
true-breeding
hybrids
genetic cross
monohybrid cross
F1 generation
F2 generation
P generation
Punnett square
dihybrid cross
law of segregation
mendels 4 hypotheses
there are alternative versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters
for each character, an organism inherits two alleles of a gene, one from each parent
if the two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism's appearance and is called the dominant allele and the other has no noticeable effect on the organisms appearance and is called the recessive allele
a sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes
rule of multiplication
rule of addition
variations of mendels laws
complete dominance
incomplete dominance
ABO blood group
codominant
pleiotropy
sickle-cell disease
polygenic inheritance
the chromosomal oasis of inheritance
the chromosome theory of inheritance
linked genes
crossing over
genetic map
linkage map
wild-type
mutant
recombination frequency
locus
sex chromosomes and sex-linked genes
gamete
meiosis
haploid
autosomes
x-linked genes
X
Y
chapter 10: molecular biology of the gene
structure of the genetic material
DNA
RNA
messenger RNA (mRNA)
cap and tail
exons
introns
RNA splicing
transfer RNA (tRNA)
polymers
nucleotides
phosphate group
covalent bonds
sugar-phosphate backbone
nitrogenous bases
4 more items...
deoxyribonucleic acid
double helix
double-stranded
bacteriophages
phages
DNA replication
base pairing
semiconservative model
parent DNA
daughter strand
DNA polymerases
replication fork
DNA ligase
RNA polymerase
3 end
5 end
flow of genetic info from DNA to RNA to protein
transcription
translation
cytoplasm
ribosomes
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
P site
A site
polypeptides
nucleus
initiation
elongation
termination
terminator
promoter
codons
amino acid sequences
triplet code
genetic code
anticodon
stop codon
mutation
silent mutation
missense mutation
nonsense mutation
frameshift mutation
mutagens
genetics of viruses and bacteria
capsid
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
prophage
emerging viruses
HIV
AIDS
retrovirus
reverse transcriptase
prion
transformation
transduction
conjugation
chapter 11: how genes are controlled
control of gene expression
environmental changes
gene regulation
gene expression
inducible operon
promoter
operator
operon
repressor
regulatory gene
repressible operon
activators
differentiation
DNA packing
histones
nucleosome
transcription factors
enhancers
epigenetic inheritance
X chromosome inactivation
Barr body
alternative RNA splicing
breakdown of mRNA
initiation of translation
protein processing
microRNA's (miRNAs)
small interfering RNA's (siRNAs)
nucleic acid hybridization
DNA micoarray
signal transduction pathway
cloning of animals and plants
totipotent
clone
reproductive cloning
therapeutic cloning
regeneration
nuclear transplantation
embryonic stem cells (ES cells)
adult stem cells
genetic basis of cancer
oncogene
proto-oncogene
tumor-suppressor genes
carcinogens
chapter 12: DNA technology and genomics
gene cloning and editing
biotechnology
DNA technology
genetic engineering
recombinant DNA
plasmids
vector
DNA cloning
complementary DNA (cDNA)
clone
gene cloning
enzymes
restriction enzymes
restriction site
restriction fragments
nucleic acid probe
CRISPR-CAS9
genetically modified organisms
recombinant cells
transgenic organism
human safety
environmental safety
labeling
DNA profiling
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
primers
gel electrophoresis
forensics
repetitive DNA
short tandem repeat (STR)
STR analysis
genomics
bioinformatics
proteomics
human genome project (HGP)
whole-genome shotgun method