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Reliability and Validity - Coggle Diagram
Reliability and Validity
Main types of reliability
Internal
Relates to the extent to which the procedure is standardised and replicable
Standardised
When a procedure has implemented many controls that means it is the same for every participant
Replicable
When the procedure can be repeated exactly the same again and again
External
Relates to the extent to which the sample is large enough to establish a consistent effect
Other types of reliability
Inter-rater
When you check one observers' findings against those of another observer to see if they are consistent with each other
Test-retest
When you repeat the study with the same/similar participants to see if the same results are obtained the second time
Split-half
When you compare items within a test to see if they are giving the same findings
Main types of validity
Construct
Whether the test has been shown to measure the concept it is supposed to be measuring
Ecological
Whether the study represents a real-life situation
Population
Whether the sample used can be generalised to the wider population
What can reduce construct validity?
lack of controls
demand characteristics
participant variables
social desirability bias
order effects
environmental variables
What can cause ecological validity?
conducting the research in a real life setting
having participants complete a task that is part of their normal life
if an interview, having an informal, unstructured conversation rather than set questions
Other types of validity
Face validity
Determines if a test appears to measure the variable or construct it intends to measure.
Concurrent validity
A way to measure how well a test compares to a previously validated test