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Causes and Effects of Renaissance - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The Medici Family had been founded around the 12th century in a small Turban village when the family had moved to live in Florence, Italy.
        
        And then around in the 13th century, they had started to be counted to be a family that was starting to become wealthy, and they were ranked around 2nd behind the families that had been leading the city of Florence.
        
        Then in around 1340, when most of Europe had suffered from the failing of the economy, the Medici Family had survived this bit.
        
        And soon they had become one of the most important families that lives in Florence. But the family's influence had started to become declined around the late14th century, as one of the members of the family, Salvestro de Medici had been forced to go into exile in the year of 1382.
        
        And there have been about 3 branches of the Medici Family.
        
        The 3 branches of the family would be of : The line of Chiarissimo II, the line of Cosimo the Elder, and those who ruled as the grand dukes.
        
        The family had also had 2 members that had been successful to become french queens : Catherine de' Medici (from 1547 to 1589) and Marie de' Medici (from 1600 to 1630)
        
        Catherine de' Medici
        
        Marie de' Medici
        
        And the Medici family had died out in 1737, because the last member of the family and the last grand duke, Gian Gastone, had not been able to have a male heir to continue the family's legacy, the family had collapsed.
        
        They had been able to rule Florence for about 200 years until in 1737.
        
        This is Gian Gastone, full name Gian Gastone de' Medici
    - - Artists such as : Leonardo Da Vinci, Brunelleschi, Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Donatello, and Michelangelo as they had been known during their time to be famous artists and creating artworks that some are still quite well known to this day.
      - They also had been a family that had opened a bank, and also they had chosen to be wool merchants and be bankers, which had made they quite wealthy in the end.
  - - - And the major city states that had ruled in Italy during the Renaissance period, had included : Milan, Florence, Venice, Naples and Rome.
        
        And they had also been considered to be some of the most wealthiest cities at that period of time throughout Europe.
        
        And because of the wealthy that the city states had owned, they had been able to have the ruling families of the city states being able to supporting artists, scientists, philosophers. As these people have been having new inquiries and other new ideas to making new inventions and them stepping out of their comfort zones to trying new things.
        
        Some of the city states had ruling families, others had elected leaders to be the leader of that certain city state.
        
        Florence, this city state had been ruled by the Medici Family, and the time period of the Renaissance had also began from this city state. And the Medici Family had also helped support some artists like Leonardo De Vinci, Michelangelo. And Florence had also been known for being a banking centre, as well as having the achievement of the Florence Cathedral being built there.
        
        Milan, this city state had been originally wanting to take over Florence and have war against them and the city was still quite a Middle Age city.
        
        But peace had been brought upon Milan in the year 1450, when the Sforza family had taken control and ruled over Milan. They had also introduced new ideas and knowledge alongside the Renaissance Men. And Milan had also been known for making metal and producing armour.
        
        Venice, this city state had bene able to become a very wealthy city state by doing trades with others, which had included importing silk and spices.
        
        But when the Ottoman Empire had conquered the place of Constantinople, the cit state of Venice had started to lose the vast empire of trade, they hadn't given up, instead they had taken over control of the east coast of Italy's seas, they had been able to continue with trades and also being known for the glassware that was quite artistic.
        
        The city state of Naples had basically ruled over the southern part of Italy and the last to be part of the Renaissance.
        
        And in the year 1443, it had been conquered by Alfonso I, and he had helped support artists, writers and the philosophers.
        
        And the place had been quite well-known for the music they produce, as well as the instrument, the Mandolin, had been invented in this city-state.
        
        Rome, this city state had been ruled by the Catholic Church and the Pope, which was what the elected leader part had been referring to. Most of the city of Rome, had been rebuilt in 1447 by Nicholas V as it was under his leadership and he had lead it to be rebuilt.
        
        And Rome had also became one of the cities that had patronage over the arts, also commissioning the artists of Raphael and Michelangelo.
        
        As Michelangelo had helped paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and working on the St. Peter Basilica as the architect.
    - - This was how the city states looked like, back then during the Renaissance period.
    - - This peace treaty had been done to ensure and build the boundaries and remain peace with each other for about 30 years.
  - - - The Ancient greek culture had been rediscovered during the Renaissance period, as the greek scholars had been able to teach them, of their language and literature, as well as the ancient greek art and architecture, and the people also had been wanting to learn more.
        
        The Renaissance artists had also taken inspiration and had been quite impressed by the ancient greek art, and wanted to make art that had included the concepts and ideals of beauty, harmony and proportions.
        
        The Renaissance also had a ideal on humanists ideals, as the ideals had been inspired quite a lot from the aesthetic principles found in ancient greek art.
        
        As there had been a fall of Constantinople in the year 1453, when the Greek scholars had migrated and moved to live in Western Europe.
        
        The Renaissance period had been influenced by ancient Greek art was due to the movement of humanist movement.
        
        Humanism had shown the importance of human potentials and the achievements, and this also had drawn a very deeply inspired from the ancient greek ideals of arts and the culture.
        
        The artists of this period had been using the human as the way to expressing the ideals of that, which was also means of creating the realistic and lifelike depictions of the humans, and also how the art style of the Renaissance had focused heavily on realism.
    - - The art and architecture of ancient roman civilisation had also been a heavy inspiration for the Renaissance period's artists.
        
        Which made the art produced during that time period to also take inspiration from both Ancient greek and ancient roman art.
        
        Which also had made it into having the resulting of the art from that period to take after a more realistic and more life-like paintings.
  - - - As it was meant to mean, 'A man can do all things if he will', as the term of Renaissance men is meant to describe men from the Renaissance period who had many accomplishments done, and multi talents.
        
        And this is also closely tied with the idea of humanism, as man should be the centre of the universe.
        
        And they have to be gifted men during the Renaissance period, to be developing skills in the physical developments, the arts and in social accomplishments and achievements.
    - - Leonardo Da Vinci was a well known sculptor, painter, craftsman, architect, and engineer, whom had been well known for being a multi-talented man, and also being more intelligent than most men at the time, as well as also having a lot of skill in the work he had done.
        
        Some of his most famous works would be of the Mona Lisa (1503-1519), which is one of the most viewed and one of the most still relevant and important paintings in the world, and the Last Supper (1495-1498).
        
        In his youth, he had been under the wing of another fellow artist, Andrea del Verrocchio, where he had underwent training under his teacher such as painting and sculpting. And in 1472, he had been accepted to be part of the Florence painters' guild, but he chose to remain by his teacher's side for about 5 more years.
        
        Leonardo Da Vinci had also spent about 17 years of his life in Milan, before the leader, Ludovico had lost power in 1499, but Leonardo had been quite busy being a painter and sculptor, while also being a court festival designer.
        
        While during his stay in Milan, he had painted about 6 paintings there. And he also had spent about 12 years non-stop, on a statue dedicated to the founder of the Sforza dynasty.
    - - He was called the last Renaissance man, because of being a man who knew a lot of knowledge, and quite intelligent.
        
        His research that he had done, had also helped into many areas of science and other areas, like astronomy, maths, language, music, geography. And he had also contributed in challenging the tradition types of scholastic and he wasn't afraid to do experiments.
  - - - The introduction of the printing press with movable metal type to Europe in the 1450s CE was a momentous and enduring event. The discovery is largely attributed to the German printer Johannes Gutenberg (1398–1468 CE), who is most known for printing the Bible in 1456 CE.
        
        after print press is discovery :
        
        A reduction in price and an increase in physical availability of books.
        
        A huge increase in the volume of books produced compared to handmade works.
        
        Concepts about religion, science, history, poetry, art, and daily life spreading quickly.
        
        An increase in literacy rates.
        
        The clergy and the numerous new colleges and grammar schools that had grown up throughout Europe in the late mediaeval era already had a well-established demand for books. Indeed, in the first part of the 15th century CE, traditional bookmakers had difficulty meeting demand, frequently sacrificing quality. One of the key factors that led to the invention of the printing press was the need for religious materials in particular. Manuscripts were available to scholars in both private and monastery libraries, but even they encountered difficulties locating copies of many works and frequently had to travel great distances in order to obtain them.
        
        As a result, throughout the fifteenth century CE, the printing presses were dominated by religious texts and study guides. But handcrafted books were still being made long after the printing press was invented, and just like with many other new innovations, there were others who remained adamant that the fragile printed book would never truly take off.
        
        Printing has greatly expanded the amount of reading material available to individuals in general. Before, there wasn't much of an opportunity to read anything. People frequently had little else to read than notice boards posted in churches. Informational booklets, travel guides, poetry collections, romantic novels, histories of art and architecture, food and medical recipes, maps, posters, cartoons, and sheet music were just a few of the many innovative and fascinating possibilities made possible by the printing press. Though they were still not as inexpensive as they are now, books only cost around one-eighth of what a handmade book would.
- - - - Their main goals were to stop the growth of Muslim governments, recover the Holy Land for Christianity in the Middle East, and retake areas that had previously belonged to Christians.
        
        These protracted military incursions were a response to events that occurred outside of Europe before to the Crusades, primarily the spread and development of Islam.
        
        This has also have made the Europeans starting to become more interested into investing into the new goods as they have discovered the goods produced by the other continents, in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
        
        And the goods that they have received from the other continents includes : Ivory, pearl, silk etc.
        
        And also many other trade routes has been increased by after the evens of the crusades, and the city states of Italy had also become more rich from the trades that had couldn't have been able to gain any fame or be able to make profit from the trading in the ports.
        
        And the impact that the Crusades had done, had also made the people whom were either nobles or people who were rich, wanting to go travel to other countries.
        
        And the age of travelling to other countries has become more popular by the day, which also lead to the age of exploration.
  - - - It had also been believed that Black Death was caused by the result of plague. And it had been believed that it had originally came from China and or from Inner Asia.
        
        An Army that had a leader who wanted to destroy his enemies, used the corpses that had been infected with illnesses, had been put in a town. But that had ended up only backfiring, as the ships and boats of that town had been going to many different countries to trade. Which had ended up spreading the pandemic to those countries as well and other continents.
      - Other period of times when the Black Death had struck afterwards, had been during 1361-1363, 1369-1371, 1390 and in 1400.
        
        Black Death had continued to spread into Europe again and again for multiple times would be, because of the waves of the trading routes bringing rodents that had fleas that carried plague with them.
        
        And because of this, the Black Death had also made royalty and commoners alike to get sick and killed by the plague. Even the powerful and wealthy royals such as : Eleanor of Peter IV of Aragon, King Alfronso XI of Castile, and these royals had died from the plague and not being able to survive it.
        
        Communities and families had also been destroyed and crumbled under the Black Death happening. And two archbishops, John de Stratford and Thomas Bradwardine, that were the archbishops of Canterbury before they had also been affected had died from the plague of the Black Death.
        
        After the Black Death, there had been a series of wars that had happened, going on for the lack of trades. Some of the consequences that had been caused by the black death.
        
        And afterwards, there a headache that had been happening for the landowners, would be that the deaths of many of their slaves and workers. As an result of the Black Death
        
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        The impact of the Black Death, which had included the feudal system, that had been quite popular in Western Europe, during the 5th to the 12th century, had been a system that had roles in a system were pre-determined and not being able to be changed, the roles had been royalty, nobles, artists or craftsman, and slaves.
        
        This system had started to have an decline, as the population of Europe had been depopulation, and the slaves at the very bottom of the system, were free to choose jobs that they had never been able to do previously.
        
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      - This pandemic had also killed off about 1/3 of Europe's population at the time, which made a lot of people die, royalty and commoners alike.