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BIOL 107 Chapter 8, Photosynthesis - Coggle Diagram
BIOL 107
Chapter 8
Life on earth depends on the ability of plants to harness the energy of the sun
Photosynthesis
Involves an electron transport chain
Produces O2
Requires water was an electron donor
Uses electron carriers
Involve a cyclic reaction involving carbon-based intermediates
Occur within organelles acquired through endosymbiosis
Involve proton pumps
Use ATP synthase
Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
6
CO2+
6
H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2
The Carbon atoms become
reduced
Step 1:
Sun/light energy
strips the electrons from water
Step 2
The electrons are brought to
high-energy
states
Step 3
Their potential energy is used to make
NADH & ADP
that drive the reduction of CO2 to glucose
Plant cells can use the glucose from photosynthesis to:
Make
cellulose
Break down glucose to make
ATP
Plants can store excess glucose as
starch
(polysaccharide)
Photosynthesis is
endergonic
Photosynthesis is the reverse of
cellular respiration
The Carbon/Calvin Cycle
Carbon is continually recycled as it moves from plants to animals to the earth's atmosphere
Carbon Fixation --> Reduction --> Regeneration of Starting Molecules
Sunlight --> CO2 + H2O --> O2 + Glucose --> CO2 + H2O ...
Photosynthesis --> Respiration --> Photosynthesis...
Oxygen
was missing from the earth's atmosphere prior to the evolution of photosynthesis
CO2 --> Sugar
6
CO2 --> C6H12O6
Step 1:
Fixation
Inorganic molecule (CO2) --> Organic molecule (C6H12O6) using
Rubisco
enzyme
Step 2:
Reduction
gain of electrons
The Carbon atoms in glucose are more electron-rich than they were in CO2
Step 3:
Back to step 1
Chloroplasts
Capture energy from sunlight to drive the endergonic production of glucose (photosynthesis)
Contain their own ribosomes
Arose by endosymbiosis
Have their own genome
Came from prokaryotes, do they don't have an ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
Anything with a double-membrane is a
candidate endosymbiont
Photosynthesis
reduces
greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere &
increases
atmospheric oxygen
Opposite
of photosynthesis
Aerobic/Cellular Respiration
Involves an electron transport chain
Produces CO2
Require O2 as an electron acceptor
Use electron carriers
Involve a cyclic reaction involving carbon-based intermediates
Occur within organelles acquired through endosymbiosis
Involve proton pumps
Use ATP synthase
Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen --> CO2 + Water + ATP energy
Step 1:
Glucose is
oxidized
to CO2
Step 2:
The electrons (as NADH)
release potential energy
as they drop to
lower-energy
states
Step 3:
Produces
water
&
ATP
An electrochemical (proton) gradient is produced that drives ATP synthesis
Photosynthesis
Light-Dependent Reactions
Chlorophyl molecules in photosystems absorb photons of light
The electron lost from chlorophyll is replaced by oxidizing water
Produces
O2
Produces
ATP
&
NADPH
Calvin Cycle
Carbon Fixation
Reduction
Regeneration
Produces
NADP+
&
ADP
Produces
Glucose