Janelle Cardenas per.5 Immune System
major functions of lymphatic & immune system
cells in the immune system
innate & adaptive immune defenses
artificial vs. naturally acquired immunity
purpose & examples of 1st, 2nd, & 3rd line of defense
antigens & antibodies
location of lymphatic organs & their functions
disorders
humoral response & celluar response
passive vs. active immunity
IMMUNE SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
returns fluids leaked from blood vessels back to blood
2. lymph: fluid in vessels
3. lymph nodes: cleanse lymph
1. lymphatic vessels: drainage vessels
MALT: protects pathogens from trying to enter body (tonsils, Peyer's patches, & appendix)
SPLEEN: site of lymphocyte proliferation, immune response, & cleanses blood
LYMPH NODES: cleanse the lymph & activate immune system
THYMUS: where T cells mature
MACROPHAGES: present antigens to T cells; activates T cells
DENDRITIC CELLS: phagocytize pathogens that enter tissues
RETICULAR CELLS: produce reticular fibers called stroma in lymphoid organs
B CELLS: secrete antibodies
T CELLS: manage immune response & attack infected cells.
INNATE DEFENSE (NONSPECIFIC): uses the 1st/2nd line of defense to stop attacks by pathogens
ADAPTIVE DEFENSE (SPECIFIC): eliminates almost any pathogen or abnormal cell in body
SURFACE BARRIERS: skin & mucous membranes
INTERNAL DISEASES: phagocytes, NK cells, & inflammation
humoral immunity: B cells
celluar immunity: T cells
HUMORAL IMMUNITY: antibodies
CELLUAR IMMUNITY: lymphocytes
2ND LINE OF DEFENSE: necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissue
3RD LINE OF DEFENSE: attacks particular foreign substances (adaptive immune system)
1ST LINE OF DEFENSE: skin & mucous membranes; protective chemicals that inhibit/destroy microrganisms
NK cells: police blood & lymph
inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, & pain
antimicrobial proteins
phagocytes: WBCs that ingest/digest foreign materials
fever
ANTIGENS: mobilize adaptive defenses & provoke an immune response
ANTIBODIES: proteins secreted by plasma cells
MHC proteins: groups of proteins (major histocompatibility complex)
lymphocyte maturation:
1. ORIGIN : both B&T lymphocyte precursors
2. MATURATION: go tothymyus & red bone marrow to mature
3. SEEDING & CIRCULATION: seed the secondary organs & circulate through blood & lymph
4. ANTIGEN ENCOUNTER & ACTIVATION: antigen receptors bind & lymphocyte is activated
5. PROLIFERATION & DIFFERATION: lymphocytes multiply & differentiate into effector or memory cells
self-antigens: an antigen that the immune system derives from the body it is protecting
primary immune response: cell proliferation & different upon exposure to antigen
secondary immune response: re-exposure to same antigen (faster & more effective)
provokes when B cell encounters target antigen
ARTIFICIAL: formed in response to vaccine
NATURALLY: formed in response to bacterial infection
ACTIVE: occurs when B CELLS encounter an antigen & produce specific antibodies
PASSIVE
naturally acquired: infection
artificially: vaccine
naturally acquired: antibodies from mom -> fetus or milk
artificially: injection of exogenous antibodies
IgG: main antibody of both secondary & late primary response
IgA: helps stop pathogens from attaching to epithelial cell surfaces
IgD: a B Cell antigen receptor
IgE: end binds to most cells or basophils
IgM: can indicate infection
DISORDERS:
IMMUNODEFICIENCIES:
CD4 CELLS -> HELPER T CELLS: activates B Cells, other T cells, & macrophages
CD8 CELLS -> CYTOTOXIC T CELLS : capable of destroying cells harboring foreign antigens
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome: genetic defect that messes up T cells & B cells which leads to poor immune system
treatment: bone marrow transplant
AIDS: HIV cripples immune system by affecting helper T cells