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Janelle Cardenas per.5 Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Janelle Cardenas per.5 Immune System
major functions of lymphatic & immune system
IMMUNE SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
returns fluids leaked from blood vessels back to blood
2. lymph
: fluid in vessels
3. lymph nodes
: cleanse lymph
1. lymphatic vessels
: drainage vessels
cells in the immune system
MACROPHAGES
: present antigens to T cells; activates T cells
DENDRITIC CELLS
: phagocytize pathogens that enter tissues
RETICULAR CELLS
: produce reticular fibers called stroma in lymphoid organs
B CELLS
: secrete antibodies
T CELLS
: manage immune response & attack infected cells.
innate & adaptive immune defenses
INNATE DEFENSE (NONSPECIFIC)
: uses the 1st/2nd line of defense to stop attacks by pathogens
SURFACE BARRIERS
: skin & mucous membranes
INTERNAL DISEASES
: phagocytes, NK cells, & inflammation
ADAPTIVE DEFENSE (SPECIFIC)
: eliminates almost any pathogen or abnormal cell in body
humoral immunity
: B cells
celluar immunity
: T cells
artificial vs. naturally acquired immunity
ARTIFICIAL
: formed in response to vaccine
NATURALLY
: formed in response to bacterial infection
purpose & examples of 1st, 2nd, & 3rd line of defense
2ND LINE OF DEFENSE
: necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissue
NK cells
: police blood & lymph
inflammation
: redness, heat, swelling, & pain
antimicrobial proteins
phagocytes
: WBCs that ingest/digest foreign materials
fever
3RD LINE OF DEFENSE
: attacks particular foreign substances (adaptive immune system)
1ST LINE OF DEFENSE
: skin & mucous membranes; protective chemicals that inhibit/destroy microrganisms
antigens & antibodies
ANTIGENS
: mobilize adaptive defenses & provoke an immune response
MHC proteins
: groups of proteins (major histocompatibility complex)
lymphocyte maturation
:
1. ORIGIN
: both B&T lymphocyte precursors
2. MATURATION
: go to
thymyus & red bone marrow
to mature
3. SEEDING & CIRCULATION
: seed the secondary organs & circulate through blood & lymph
4. ANTIGEN ENCOUNTER & ACTIVATION
: antigen receptors bind & lymphocyte is activated
5. PROLIFERATION & DIFFERATION
: lymphocytes multiply & differentiate into effector or memory cells
self-antigens
: an antigen that the immune system derives from the body it is protecting
ANTIBODIES
: proteins secreted by plasma cells
IgG
: main antibody of both secondary & late primary response
IgA
: helps stop pathogens from attaching to epithelial cell surfaces
IgD
: a B Cell antigen receptor
IgE
: end binds to most cells or basophils
IgM
: can indicate infection
location of lymphatic organs & their functions
MALT
: protects pathogens from trying to enter body (tonsils, Peyer's patches, & appendix)
SPLEEN
: site of lymphocyte proliferation, immune response, & cleanses blood
LYMPH NODES
: cleanse the lymph & activate immune system
THYMUS
: where T cells mature
disorders
DISORDERS
:
IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
:
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome
: genetic defect that messes up T cells & B cells which leads to poor immune system
treatment
: bone marrow transplant
AIDS
:
HIV
cripples immune system by affecting helper T cells
humoral response & celluar response
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
: antibodies
primary immune response
: cell proliferation & different upon exposure to antigen
secondary immune response
: re-exposure to same antigen (faster & more effective)
provokes when B cell encounters target antigen
CELLUAR IMMUNITY
: lymphocytes
CD4 CELLS -> HELPER T CELLS
: activates B Cells, other T cells, & macrophages
CD8 CELLS -> CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
: capable of destroying cells harboring foreign antigens
passive vs. active immunity
ACTIVE
: occurs when B CELLS encounter an antigen & produce specific antibodies
naturally acquired
: infection
artificially
: vaccine
PASSIVE
naturally acquired
: antibodies from mom -> fetus or milk
artificially
: injection of exogenous antibodies