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08 HUMANISM AND THE RENAISSANCE 02 THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY, image, image…
08 HUMANISM AND THE RENAISSANCE 02 THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY
ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING CONCEPT AND DESIGN
Architects designed buildings which found harmony in shapes and proportion, adapting to human ideals.
THE GROWTH OF CIVIL ARCHITECTURE
A RETURN TO CLASSICAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Architects returned to the use of columns imitating Ancient Greek and Roman designs.
THE REVIVAL OF ANCIENT ROMAN ROOFS
Semi-circular arches, barrel vaults and domes were used. These elements were combined with architraves in many buildings.
QUATTROCENTO
Renaissance architecture in the 15th century, or Quattrocento, aimed to create harmonious spaces based on mathematical and geometrical studies.
The most important architects were Brunelleschi, who designed the dome of Florence Cathedral and the Basilica di San Lorenzo (Florence), and Alberti, who designed the Basilica di Sant’Andrea, in Mantua, and the Tempio Malatestiano, in Rimini.
In the 15th century, painters further developed the techniques of depth and perspective. This can be seen in the works of Masaccio or Piero della Francesca. However, the most important artist in this period was Botticelli, who painted many different subjects.
PAINTING
PROPORTION
Painters focused on faithful representation of the human figure. Proportion was considered the essence of beauty, which meant a command of drawing was more important than colour.
BALANCE
The position of the figures could not disrupt the harmonious balance of the painting.
THE USE OF LIGHT
Light was used to depict areas of light and shadow, perfecting the illusion of depth.
THE ILLUSION OF DEPTH
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Artists experimented with and developed the technique of perspective.
CINQUECENTO
the most important works of architecture of the 16th century, or Cinquecento, were built in Rome
Buildings became more monumental and began to scrupulously respect ancient architectural orders
Bramante designed the most important building of the century: St. Peter’s Basilica, in the Vatican.
Some of the greatest painters of all time produced their work in the 16th century. Many of Michelangelo’s paintings are examples of monumentality and mastery of depth. Raphael was a prolific painter. He strived to paint pleasant, sweet scenes, using all of the painting techniques of the period.
SCULPTURE
influenced by Gothic naturalism,
its main influence was classical sculpture
VARIETY OF MATERIALS
The use of a variety of materials, especially marble, bronze and wood
NEW THEMES
Mythological and historical themes and portraits were added to traditional religious themes.
FORM
Sculptures in the round. They were free-standing sculptures, which were observable from various angles.
Relief sculptures. They were carved directly onto flat surfaces (walls, floors, ceilings, etc.).
THE PURSUIT OF IDEAL BEAUTY
This beauty was characterised by balance and was inspired by the Ancient Greek and Roman approach.
