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"Lazer 13" by Paolo Manalo, Exercising Power, Perspectives &…
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Exercising Power
Powerful male figures like the narrator's father wield authority through abuse, influencing the behavior and attitudes of younger individuals. (Marian)
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Power dynamics are evident in the bullying situation among children, showcasing how power can be exerted within peer groups, often through intimidation and coercion. (Marian)
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The narrator demonstrates internal power by controlling his emotions, using violence to suppress them, and refusing to comfort the boy he victimized. This highlights how individuals may exert power over themselves to conform to societal expectations of masculinity. (Marian)
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Power is characterized by gendered notions of masculinity, which are continuously taught and performed. The need for validation and fear of exclusion drive individuals to conform to these ideals, leading to the suppression of emotions and harmful actions toward others. (Marian)
Power as Performance, Continuously Taught and Practiced
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Societal expectations of masculinity and the fear of nonconformity compel individuals to assert dominance over others, perpetuating hierarchical power structures and reinforcing gender stereotypes. (Marian)
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The exertion of power results in the internalized suppression of emotions, perpetuation of harmful gender norms, and actions that harm others, contributing to the cycle of violence and oppression. (Marian)
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Perspectives & Attitudes: guilt, trauma, and wavering morality caused by compassion and peer pressure
Reason for Participation: social pressure and reclamation of power
Suggestions regarding masculinity: the demonstrative/social nature of violence and aggression through peer pressure and the validation of manhood under the guise of group cohesion and camaraderie
Masculinity & Violence: ingrained in tradition and the socialization of patriarchal systems;
Manifestations: bullying, power tripping, covert and overt behavior
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Powerful men enforce authority through abuse, while peer dynamics reveal conformity to gender norms, resulting in emotional suppression and perpetuating cycles of violence.
The multiple backstories contextualize characters' backgrounds, humanizing them and revealing factors driving their actions, thus demonstrating the progression of violence and unveiling themes of masculinity and violence within the narrative.