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Lympahtic/Immune System Adan Tepalt .2 - Coggle Diagram
Lympahtic/Immune System
Adan Tepalt .2
Major Functions
Works as second circulatory system
Lymphatic Vessels
eventually returns it to blood
carry away fluid from interstitial spaces
Lymph Nodes
along lymphatic vessels
contain Lymphocytes
help defend body against disease
filter lymph from bacteria and cellular debris
monitor body fluids
performed by lymphocytes and macrophages
macrophages engulf and destroy foreign particles
Thymus
contains lymphocytes which mature T-cells that provide immunity
Spleen
SImilar to lymph node but contains blood instead
filters blood and removes damaged blood cells and bacteria
Locations of Organs
Lymph Nodes
In groups or chains
along lymphatic vessels
Major areas
Cervical
Thoracic
axillary
supertrochlear
abdominal
pelvic
inguinal
Thymus
Sits superior to heart and anterior to trachea
Spleen
Upper left abdominal cavity
Lines of Defense
First
Mechanical Barriers
Prevent entry of certain pathogens
Provide a physical separation of pathogens and internal tissue
EX: unbroken skin and mucous membranes of the body
hair , mucus, and sweat
Second
Innate Defenses
Inflammation
Stop spread of pathogens and infection
EX: redness, swelling, heat, and pajn
Chemical Barrier
Chemicals that kill many pathogens
Acidic environment is lethal to some pathogens
Enzymes destroy pathogens
Interferons block viral replication and slow tumor growth
Natural Killer Cells
Small group of lymphocytes (not T or B cells)
defend body against viruses and cancer cells
secrete substances called perforins
break apart cell membrans of pathogens
NK cells secrete substances that enhance inflamamtion
Phagocytosis
Engulf and digest pathgoens or debris
neutrophils and monocytes
leave bloodstream in areas of injury
are attracted to injured area
Neutrophils attack small
Monocytes attack large
Third
Adaptive Defenses
Specific
attack specific pathogens
Performed by lymphocytes and macrophages
remember specific foreign molecules or pathogens
cellular immune response
humoral immune response
Immune Defenses
Innate (Natural)
guard against many types of pathogens
respond quickly
Species resistance
Adaptive (Acquired)
respons only to specific pathogens
respond slowly
specialized lymphocytes
secrete cytokines or antibodies
Humoral and Cellular Response
Humoral
Provided by B cell
Interact inderectly
prodcue antibodies that destroy antigens
Cellular
provided by T-Cell
direct interaction with antigens to destroy them
Antigens and Antibodies
T cells become activated when in contact with an antigen
T cell releases cytokine when in contact with B cell that combined with antigen bearing agent
types of antibodies
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
Actions
Direct attacks
Activation of complement
Inflammation
Passive VS Active
Passive
Ontained by recieving antibodies
No memory cells are prodcued
SHort term immunity
Active
obtained through antigen exposure
immune response occurs in a personin which antibodies and memory be cells are produced
Cells
T Cells
in red bone marrow and thymus
70-80% of lymphocytes in blood
B Cells
in red bone marrow
Lympahtic tissue
20-30% of lymphocytes in blood
Diseases
Autoimmune
Autoantibodies ruin the bodys own tissue
Can occur from fault T-cell production, Viral Infection, or reaction to a nonself antigen
EX: In Diabetics, insulin is destroyed by autoantibodies
Tissue Rejection
Tissue transplant can reject
Transplant can carry different particles
Hypersensitivty
Excessive immune response
leads to tissue damage
Can be hereditary
Allergies
EX: Transfusion reaction to mismatched blood
Diseases
Tuberculosis
Caused by spread of germs to lungs
Treated through medication and antibiotics
Tape Worm
Parasitic infction residing in human intestine
Treated through medication, and anthelmantic drugs
Small Poz
Viral infection spreading throughout whole body
Treated with vaccinations and antiviral drugs
Toxoplasmosis
Infectious parasitic disease affecting eyes
Treated through various medications
Rabies
Disease spread through mucous membrane
Treated with vaccination but no efficient cure
Rabbit Fever
Highly infectious disease from F. Talarensis
Treated through incubation, antibiotics, and vaccinations
Ebola
Virus causing inflammation
Treated through inmazed, ebanga, and electrolytes
Scabies
Infestation of itch mite on skin
Treated through medication, scabicide lotion, and prophylactic treatment
Pneumonia
Infection of lungs
Treated through antibiotics, antiviral meds, and Oxygen therapuy
Polio
Disease caused by polio virus
Treated through vaccinations and physical therapy
Hemorragic Fever
Disease affecting organ systems of body
Treated support therapy, antiviral drugs, and medication
Mumps
Disease spread through saliva
Treated through fluids and vaccinations
Chicken Pox
Itchy rash on various locations of body
Treated throuhg calamine lotion, antiviral meds, and vaccinations
African Sleeping Sickness
Fatigue caused by parasites
Treated through antiparasitic enzyme inhibitors and suramin