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Khrushchev, Korea 1950-3, Social State, Breschnev, Cuba, 1956-64, 1964…
Khrushchev
Space Race
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Conveys Positive Effect of Economic Policies of Khrushchev thanks to the Space Race in regards to America
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Political Policies
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Social Policies
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He narrowed the differences in pay between rich and poor, and he decriminalized absenteeism from work.
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In education, Khrushchev abolished university tuition fees in 1958, allowing the children of ordinary workers to receive higher education.
Economic policies
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Industry
5-Year plan begun in 1956 was abandoned as being too optimistic and was replaced in 1959 with a Seven-year Plan which set out goals for consumer goods, plastics, chemicals and light industry.
Not all of the Plan’s targets were met and it suffered from many of the same problems as previous Five Year Plans such as misallocation of resources and fear of innovation.
He lacked support from the bureaucracy who disliked the decentralization policies which reduced their powers.
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Korea 1950-3
Sino Soviet Pact 1950
On 14 February 1950, Mao visited Moscow to celebrate Stalin’s seventieth
birthday. This was the occasion when the Sino-Soviet Pact was negotiated.
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Social State
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Culture
When Leaders dont give concrete benefits they give symbolic benefits. Liberation of the Arts cost nothing.
Breschnev
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Short period where leadership will be “shared” between Brezhnev, Kosygin and Podgorny. Soon enough Brezhnev will remove opponents and assert his own power.
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Conservative, status quo, maintain status/power, stability
Reliance on military strength, arms race and aggression
Political Policies
Nomenklatura, corruption and nepotism
Familiy Members were put in important offices and Polit Buro was Breshnev Mafia and Re-establishment of Nomenklatura
Corruption
Tolkachi
Known for their ability to obtain raw materials through personal connections in GOSPLAN, which led to corruption and criminal networks.
An example of the extent of corruption was the establishment of fictitious factories that the state then supplied with raw materials.
Between 1980 and 1985, at least two million Soviet citizens were arrested on charges of embezzling state property.
Economic Policies
Stagnation
By 1973, the most important forms of agricultural production were the kolkhozy By 1980, subsidies had increased to 20.3 per cent of the state budget from 19.5 per cent in 1972.
In the event of a poor harvest, as in 1972 and 1975, the USSR had to rely on grain imports for the first time in its history. The USSR imported grain from the USA, Argentina and Canada.
This placed a huge strain on other sectors of the economy that were starved of investment, such as consumer goods.
Industry
Brezhnev showed no real interest in economic reform. Factory managers were discouraged from risk-taking by the requirements issued by the GOSPLAN.
Factory managers continued to produce no more than the quota assigned with little regard for costs or quality of production.
Factories, mines and transport industries operated with antiquated machinery.
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