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clinical sign, post-mortem examination, treatment, review articles -…

- - - - march myoglobinuria
      - hyperthermia due to inefficient thermoregulatory control and Poor heat dissipation
      - very young and old
      - sweat profusely
      - clinical signs
        
        body temperatures (>41◦C)
        myalgia
        muscle weakness (caused by muscle rhabdomyolysis)
        dark red-coloured urine (myoglobinuria).
        
        ataxic myoglobinuric syndrome of capture myopathy
      - predispose factor
        
        precipitate rhabdomyolysis
        
        glycogen storage diseases
        
        diabetic ketoacidosis
        
        mitochondrial myopathies
        
        hypokalemia and hypophosphatasemia
      - treatment
        
        rapid cooling
    - - increased interstitial pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment that limits local circulation.
      - ischemic damage
      - acute kidney injury
    - - genetic defect primarily described in humans and pigs
      - mutation in the ryanodine 1 receptor (RYR1), with its function to regulate Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
      - prolonged muscle contraction -> hypermetabolic state -> increased aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, -> hypoxia, metabolic acidosis -> increased CO2 production and hyperthermia.
      - Volatile halogenated inhalation anesthetics and the muscle relaxant succinylcholine are the most common triggers of malignant hyperthermia.
      - Pale Soft Exudative