Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
immune system elizabeth gomez-barajas 2 period - Coggle Diagram
immune system elizabeth gomez-barajas 2 period
antigens and antibodies
antigens
can be any large molecules that can trigger an immune response
immune response directed by against ¨nonself¨ molecules, which are usually large and complex complex foreign molecules
antibodies
constitute the gamma globulin fraction of the plasma
cells involved in the immune system and their functions
neutrophils
engulf smaller particles
monocytes
attack larger ones
lymphocytes
T cells
requires an encounter with and an antigen-presenting cell such as a B cell or macrophage
natural killer cells
secrete substances that enhance inflammation
B cells
become activated and produce a clone of cells when it encounters and antigen that matches
macrophages
engulf and destroy foreign particles debris and damaged cells
major functions of lymphatic and immune system
lymphatic system
carries out specific immune responses against certain foreign invadors
drain excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood
spleen is responsible for making lymphocytes and antibodies
immune system
removal of dead/ damaged tissue and cells
recognition and removal of abnormal cells
protection from disease causing invaders
humoral response and cellular response
cellular response
require activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways
particularly the activation of protein kinases
humoral response
antibodies produce b cells that cause the destruction of extracellular microorganisms
prevent the spread of intracellular infections
location of lymphatic organs and their functions
thymus
production and maturation of immune cells
upper chest behind the sternum
lymph nodes
filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid
neck, axilla, thorax, abdomen, and groin
spleen
left side of abdomen near the stomach
filters blood, makes lymphocytes
lymphatic vessels
transport dietary lipids
all regions of the body
bone marrow
center of most bones
produces all red blood cells and platelets
purpose and example of first, second, and third line of defense
second line of defense
destroy invaders in generalized ways without targeting specific individuals
chemical barriers (enzymes, pH, salt, interferons, complement), natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, fever
third line of defense
b-cells and t-cells target specific antigens
cellular immune response, humoral immune response
first line of defense
to prevent infection
mechanical barriers (skin and mucous membranes)
artificial vs. naturally acquired immunity
artificial acquired immunity
gamma globulin that are not produced by recipients cells
short-term immunization provided by injection of antibodies
immediate
naturally acquired immunity
natural exposure to other antigen by the body
natural exposure to infectious agent
innate immune defenses and adaptive immune defenses
innate immune defenses
chemical barriers
enzymes; such as pepsin in the stomach and lysozyme in tears, destroy many pathogens
interferons; hormone-like peptides secreted by lymphocytes
acidic environment; provided by HCI in gastric juice is lethal to some pathogens
natural killer cells
defend the body against viruses and cancer cells
inflammation
a tissue response to injury or infection
stop spread of pathogens
mechanical barriers
represent the body´s first line of defense
examples; unbroken skin and mucous membranes of the body
species resistance
is resistant to diseases that affect other species
phagocytosis
neutrophils engulf smaller particles
monocytes attack larger ones
adaptive immune defenses
respond against only a specific type of pathogen; respond more slowly
accomplished by specialized lymphocytes which secrete cytokines or antibodies
third line of defense
include cellular and humoral immune response
passive vs. active immunity
active immunity
results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
passive immmunity
provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather the producing them through his or her own immune system
disorders associated with the immune system
smallpox (variola virus)
contagious viral infection that spread throughout body
rashes/ lesions, severe fatigue, fever
rabies
a viral zoonatic disease that causes acute encaphalitis in warm-blooded animals
fatigue, headache, fever
tape worms
a parasitic infection that resides in human intestines and feeds on it
upset stomach, lack of appetite, weight loss
rabbit fever
highly infectious disease from the bacterian f. talarensis
muscle aches, headaches, sudden fever
toxoplasmosis
a disease caused by the spread of germs that mainly affects the lungs
eye pain, sensitivity to light, miscarriage
pneumonia
infection of the lungs causing mucus
cough with mucus, fever/chills, shortness of breath
tuberculosis
a disease caused by the spread of germs that mainly affects the lungs
weight loss, loss of appetite, tiredness and fatigue
polio
a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by poliovirus
paralysis, meningitis, stomach pain
african sleeping sickness
a sleeping sickness caused by microscopic parasites of the species trypemosoma brucei
fever, severe headache, extreme fatigue
mumps parotits
a viral infection that affects the salivary glands that easily prevented by a vaccine
fever, headache, loss of appetite
chicken pox
an itchy rash on the face, scalp, and trunk with pink spots and tiny fluid-filled blisters that dry and become scabs 4 to 5 days later
headache, sore throat, skin that looks blotchy
scabies
an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite
intense itching, bumps or redness, pimple like rash
ebola
a virus that causes severe inflammation and tissue damage throughout the body
fever, sore throat,, aches and pains
hemorrhagic fever
a group of infectious diseases that interfere with the blood´s ability to clot
fever, pale and cold skin, stomach pain