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A&P Concept Map Assignment – Lymphatic/Immune System Ebony De Leon -…
A&P Concept Map Assignment – Lymphatic/Immune System Ebony De Leon
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphocytes attack viruses, bacteria and parasitic cells that
enter a lymph node
Immune surveillance: Monitor body fluids
Filter lymph and remove bacteria and cellular debris before
lymph is returned to the blood
help defend body against disease
Lymphatic vessels collect and carry away excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces
Macrophages engulf and destroy foreign particles, debris, and
damaged cells
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
not found in the central nervous system
Major areas of concentrations of lymph nodes: cervical, thoracic,
axillary, supratrochlear, abdominal, pelvic, and inguinal regions
Purpose and examples
during surgery, such as removing cancerous breast, lymphatic vessels or tissues may be removed or disturbed; obstruction results in edema
innate- unbroken skin and mucous membranes of the body
For example, passive immunity occurs when a baby receives a mother's antibodies through the placenta or breast milk.
Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Respond against only a specific type of pathogen; respond more slowly
Accomplished by specialized lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines or antibodies
attack non-self pathogens but can sometimes make errors and attack itself.
third line of defense
specific pathogens, their toxins or
metabolic products
Humoral response and cellular response
Cell-mediated immunity on the other hand does not depend on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions and is primarily driven by mature T cells, macrophages
release of cytokines in response to an antigen
not depending on the cells responses
antigen-specific antibodies and is primarily driven by B cells.
Antigens and antibodies
:
Immune response is directed against “nonself” molecules,
which are usually large and complex foreign molecules
5 major types of antibodies (immunoglobulins) constitute the gamma globulin
fraction of the plasma
trigger an immune
response ex: proteins, food, chemicals
(IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD)
Direct attack, activation of complement, inflammation
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired : immunity
Immunity: Natural immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, where as artificial immunity develops only through deliberate actions of exposure.
Artificial immunity can be active or passive
Passive
provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system
provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
A type of immunity that occurs when a person is given antibodies rather than making them through his or her own immune system
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Basophils and eosinophils are important for host defense against parasites.
B lymphocytes produce antibodies and help alert the T lymphocytes
T lymphocytes destroy compromised cells in the body and help to alert other leukocytes.
involved in allergic reactions. Neutrophils, the most numerous innate immune cell, patrol for problems by circulating in the bloodstream.
Granulocytes include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Innate(natural) immune defenses
responds quickly
include species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer
cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever
A body temperature that does not provide the conditions required by the
pathogens
different chemical enviroment
Presence or absence of receptors for a particular type of pathogen
Mechanical barriers represent the body’s first line of defense The rest of the innate defenses are part of the second line of defense
inflammaition, chemical barriers, Phagocytosis, Natural killer
active immune