Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Concept Map: 10 Immune System Samantha Chavez Per. 3 - Coggle Diagram
Concept Map: 10 Immune System
Samantha Chavez
Per. 3
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Measles - acute viral respiratory illness
Rubella - a contagious disease caused by a virus
Varicella ( chickenpox ) - is an acute infectious disease
Pertussis - a highly contagious respiratory tract infection
Haemophilus influenzae type b - a bacterial illness that can lead to a potentially deadly brain infection in young children
Meningitis - inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Polio - mainly affects children under 5 years of age
Hepatitis B - a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus
Tetanus - an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani
Tuberculosis - caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pinworm infection - causes itching around the anus which can lead to difficulty sleeping and restlessness
toxoplasmosis - an infection with a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii
Malaria - a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite
Cholera - a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water
hand foot and mouth disease - infection spreads by person-to-person contact and is common in child care settings
Smallpox - an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family
Passive vs. Active immunity
Active immunity - the process of exposing the individual to an antigen to generate an adaptive immune response
Passive immunity - the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Lymphocytes - B lymphocytes make antibodies, and T lymphocytes help kill tumor cells and help control immune responses
Neutrophils - boost the response of other immune cells
Monocytes/ macrophages - initiation and resolution of inflammation
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity - occurs after exposure to the antigen
Artificially acquired active immunity - occurs through the use of vaccines without the person becoming ill from the disease
Naturally acquired passive immunity - occurs as antibodies are passed from mother to fetus
Artificially acquired passive immunity - involves the injection of gamma globulins containing antibodies
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens - allow your body to create a defense against future invaders
Antibodies - circulate in your body once created to identify, attack, and destroy the same type of antigens if they enter the body again
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral response - mediated by antibody molecules that are secreted by plasma cells
Cellular response - the way that cells respond to signals in their environment
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate ( natural ) immune defenses
The first line of defense against invading pathogens
responses rely on the body's ability to recognize conserved features of pathogens that are not present in the uninfected host
Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
to destroy invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
The first being outer barriers like skin
The second being non-specific immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells
The third line of defense being the specific immune system made of lymphocytes like B- and T-cells, which are activated mostly by dendritic cells
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Bone marrow
Location - in the center of most bones
Function - releases blood cells into the bloodstream when they are mature and when required
Spleen
Location - upper left region of your abdomen
Function - it fights invading germs in the blood
Thymus
Location - in the chest, between the lungs and behind the breastbone or sternum
Function - production and maturation of immune cells
Lymph nodes
Location - neck, axilla (underarm), chest, abdomen, and groin
Function - filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid
Lymphatic vessels
Location - all regions of the body except the bone marrow, central nervous system, and tissues, such as the epidermis, that lack blood vessels
Function - regulate fluid homeostasis, assist in immune surveillance, and transport dietary lipids
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems (include BOTH)
Major functions of the Lymphatic
First is the maintenance of fluid balance
Second is the facilitation of the absorption of dietary fats from the gastrointestinal tract to the bloodstream for metabolism or storage
Third is the enhancement and facilitation of the immune system
Major functions of the Immune systems
Protect the host from environmental agents such as microbes or chemicals
Hereby preserving the integrity of the body
