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Lymphatic/Immune System Yarely Franco, Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System Yarely Franco, Period 2
Humoral response and cellular response
Cellular immune response
- response through cell to cell contact as activated Tcells interact w/ antigen- bearing cells
Humoral Response
- Antibodies travel through body fluids to attack & destroy antigens
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic System
- collects and carries away excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces and returns it in the blood
Immune System
- response by body against specific pathogens, their toxins or metabolic products
-defend the body against infection by keeping records of every pathogens it has ever interacted with & destroys it
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally acquired-
injection of antiserum/gamma globulins
-short term immunity withour stimulating immune response
Artificially acquired
- due to exposure of vaccine containing weakened/dead cells
-stimulation of immune response without severe symptoms of a disease
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
- Any large molecule that can trigger an immune response.
-Body makes self antigens before birth and immune response is directed against nonself molecules
Antibodies
- protein produced by immune system that detects harmful substances, antigens.
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Spleen
- Located in the upper left abdominal cavity. Filters blood & removes damaged blood cells & bacteria.
Thymus
- Located in the chest, between the lungs and behind the sternum. Shrinks in size as you get older and is responsible for the maturation on immune cells.
Lymph Nodes
- located in groups/chains along lymphatic vessels. Filter substances that travel through lymph fluids.
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Second Line Defense-
chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever.
Third Line of Defense
- Response by the body against specific pathogens, their toxins or metabolic wastes. Cellular immune response & humoral immune response.
First Line Defense-
mechanical barriers like skin and mucous membranes
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Inmate defenses
- guard against pathogens and responds quickly
-include mechanical and chemical barriers, inflammation, phagocytosis, natural killer cells, species resistance, and fever
Adaptive defenses
- responds against only a specific type of pathogen, responds slower
-accomplished by specialized lymphocytes, secrete antibodies
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive Immunity
- antibodies & memory B cells are produced
-obtained through antigen exposure
Active Immunity
- no memory cells produced because there is no antgen contact & no immune response
-obtained through antigen exposure
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Neutrophil
- engulf small particles, most active phagocyte & leaves bloodstream in areas of injury
Lymphocyctes
- attack viruses, bacteria, debris, & damaged cells
-T Cells: destroy pathogens
-B Cells: make antibodies to fight pathogens
-Natural Killer Cells: secrete substances that enhance inflammation & defend body against viruses by making cytolytic to break apart cell membranes
Monocytes
- attack bigger particles, leaves bloodstream in areas of injury
Macrophages
-destroy foreign particles, debris, & damaged cells
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Meningitis
- Inflammation of brain & spinal cord
Causes- bacterial fungi, viral/bacterial infection, & cancer
Symptoms- light rash, confusion, & stiff neck
Treatment- antibiotic treatment
Rubella
- viral infection caused by RnV Causes/Risk Factors- pregnancy, working in healthcare, lack of vaccination
Symptoms- pink rash, aching joints, & red/ itchy eyes
Treatment- bed rest, no specific medication
Pinworm Infection-
parasitic worms that live in anal cavity of infected person
Causes- not washing hands, swallowing pinworm eggs, & fecal matter under nails
Symptoms- anal itching, weight loss, & loss of appetite
Treatment- over the counter medicine
Pertussis
- respiratory infection caused by infection
Causes- brain damage, death, weak immune system
Symptoms- coughing fit, watery eyes, sneezing
Treatment- antibiotics, lots of fluids
Polio
- disabling & life threatening disease caused by poliovirus.
Causes- contact with feces of infected person, poor hygiene & sanitation
Symptoms- fever, paralysis, nausea
Treatment- no cure, physical therapy
HIB
- bacterial infection among infants Causes/Risk Factors- weak immune system, children under 5, & household crowding
Symptoms- seizures, stiff neck, poor reflexes
Treatment-breathing assistance, surgical drainage, steroid injections
Small Pox
- infection caused by variola virus Causes-death, skin to skin contact, permanent scars
Symptoms- scabs, blisters, muscle pain, vomitting
Treatment- small pox vaccine, antiviral drugs, cleaning wounds
Cholera
- infection of the intestine
Causes-drinking dirty water, eating food with feces
Symptoms- dry mouth, leg cramps, & watery diarrhea Treatment- rehydration therapy, antibiotics
Malaria
- mosquito borne disease caused by parasite Causes- coma, seizures, brain damage
Symptoms-fever, chills, fatigue
Treatment- prescription drugs
Toxoplasmosis
- infection caused by single celled parasite
Causes- contact with cat feces, eating untreated meat/water
Symptoms-eye pain, skin rash, muscle aches
Treatment- antiparasitic medication, anitbiotics
Tetanus
-bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms
Causes- infected umbilical cord or skin lesion, & direct transfer
Symptoms- high blood pressure, drooling, muscle spasms
Treatment-medication, medical procedure
Tubercolosis
- bacterial infection that spreads to lungs Causes- weak immune system, contact with someone with TB
Symptoms- chest pain, chills, weight loss
Treatment- TB treatment, antibiotics
Measles
- childhood infection caused by virus Causes-direct contact, children, enveloped RNA virus
Symptoms- high fever, rash, runny nose
Treatment- antibiotics, drinking many fluids
Hand foot mouth disease
- viral infection
Causes/Risk Factors- children, contact to contact, contact with droplets of infected person
Symptoms- soar throat, blister lesions, fever
Treatment- allow blisters to dry, medication
Hepatitis B
- live infection
Causes- sharing needles, sex with infected, hemodialyisis patiets, Symptoms- fatigue, jaundice, dark urine
Treatment- bed rest, healthy diet, anti-viral drugs