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Yahir Reyes Barajas P.2 Lymphatic?Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Yahir Reyes Barajas P.2
Lymphatic?Immune System
Purpose and examples of First, second, third lines of defence
First Line of Immunity (Innate)
Mechanical Barriers: Skin is a first line of defecnce that keeps pathogens out of our body.
Checmical berries: Things like stomach acidity, mucus membranes, enzymes, and hormones that kill pathogens
Second line of Immunity (Innate)
Third Line of Immunity (Adaptive)
B-cells: White blood cells that are activated after consuming a pathogen and then connecting with a T-cell, Activation make B-cell turn into a plasma cell releasing its antibody's that target a specific pathogen
T-cells: White blood cells that when activated kill a specific type of pathogen and secret cytokines which help send a Immune response for other Immune cells to come
Cytotoxic T-cells: type of T-cell that kills cancer and virus infected cells by cutting the pores of the cells
Cytokines T-cells: Activate Cytotoxic T-cells
Helper T-cells: stimulates B cells to turn into plasma cells and secret their antibodys
Antibodys: same antigens on B-cells but dropped because B-cells turned into plasma cell, antibody's cling onto antigens and kill of the antigen bearing receptor.
Inflammation: Dilates blood vessels In order to let more resources into the area of contamination to speed up healing proccess :
Natural Killers; Group of Lymphocytes that kill any pathogen and other things using Apoptosis without having to be activated
Phagocytes; group of WBC Mostly Monocytes and neutrocytes that kill pathogens by ingesting them
Fever: Increasing set point of body temperature to give the body the advantage against pathogens by causing the liver and spleen to "soak up" Iron in the body to deprive pathogens of supply's to reproduce, Making Phagocytes attack with more force because of the hight temperature.
Location of lymphatic organs and their functions
Lymph node
Location
Located along the lymph vessels
Function acts as a "security check" to kill pathogens and clean blood
spleen
Location
Upper left abdominal
Function Bsiclaly A big LYmph node but filld and filters blood instead of lymph
Thymus
Location
Above the heart
Function
Used to Mature T-cells
Tonsils
Location
In the oral cavity
Function
Keep out pathogens/germs out of body
Peryers patches
Location
Lining and around intestines
Function
Filters Pathogens inside the intestines
Red bone marrow
Location
Inside bone
Function Producess WBC such as B-ceels and T-cells (T-cells Mature in the Thymus but made in Red bone marrow)
Major functions of Lymphatic and Immune system
Lymphatic: Recover and filter lost blood
Immune: Kill and remove Pathogens/antigens
Innate(natural) and adaptive(acquired) Immunity
Innate Immunity
Body's first and second line of defence
First line; Chemical Barriers, Mechanical berries that keep pathogens from getting in
Second Line: of defense would include: Inflammation which brings in more resources to the damaged site, Natrual killer cells that kill pathogens by breaking it apart, phagocytes which absorbed and digest pathogens ( WBC include monocles and neutrophils), and Fever which gives the body the advantage by rising the tempature to make the liver and spleen absorbed more iron so pathogens are starved of nutrients to make them reproduce less, High tempature also makes some WBC attack with more power
These Immunity defences are quick and always active with no memory
Adaptive Immunity
Third line of defense: the main parts include B-cells that Turn into plasma cells and secret their antibody's, and then T-cells which attach pathogens directly by attaching matching antigens and eliminate the pathogen, Cytotoxic T-cells are the main ones that kill, Helper T-cellshelp B-cells turn into plasma cells, MHC helps the process of this.
This line of defense takes longer to deploy (about 10 days) and has memory of what cells it should kill
Humoral and Cellular response
Humoral
Humoral Immune response involes B-cells
Humoral Immune response involves B-cells which need to connect to the matching antigens receipting cell and then connerct with a helper T-cells to be activated . When they activate they divide and some may turn into plasma cells and drop their antigens. Some memory B-cells ar produced which are for future infections of the exact same type of cell bearing antigens
Antigens, when dropped, attach on to cells with the matching antigens and attack and destroy the fitting matching antigen cell
Cellular
Cellular Immune response involves T-cells In direct contact with antigen bearing cells, Helper T-cells help B-cells turn into plasma cells
Cytotoxic T-cells directly kill antigen bearing cells with the matching antigen. Cytotoxic T-cells are activated by cytokines T-cells
Memory T-cells are kept for future infections of the same pathogen, It has to be the exact same antigen as before inorder for the memory T-cells to turn into Cytotoxic T-cells
Antigens and Antibodys
Antigens are anything your body does not recognize and is usually a large molecule that can trigger a Immune response
Antibodys are what B-cells drop after becoming a plasma cell. 5 Major types of Antibodys. IgG, IgA, IgE, IgM, IgD
Active, passive, artificial, and natural immunitys
Active Immunity is when the body is exposed to antigen and makes Antibodys and memory cells for that antigen, lasting for a long time
Passive Immunity is when the body doesn't work to produce Antibodys because it is given naturally but this is short term because no memory cells are made
Artificial Immuneity is given to someone in was such as vaccines, usually a long term immunity because the body creates cells against it
Natural Immunity is given in a normal way such as exposure to a antigen, the body produces immune cells against it
Immune disorders
Tuberculosis: disease caused by spread of germs in lungs
Causes: From contaminated person, though air, siliva
Symptoms: cough, weight loss, chest pain
Treatment: antibiotics, rest, pyrazinmide
Small pox: contagious viral infection, spreads on skin
causes: toching,infected objects, infected fluids, saliva
symptoms: rash, fever, aches
Treatment: vaccine, antiviral drugs, eradication
Tape worm: Parasitic that stays and feeds in intestines
Causes: consuming raw meant, poor hygiene, living outside
Symptoms: upset stomach, nausea, weight loos
Treatment: medications, natural medications, plants
Rabbit fever: bacterial infection that affect skin, eyes, throat
causes: weak immune system, tick bites,porticals in ait
Symptoms: fever, painful lymph nodes, inflamed lymph nodes
treatment: Antibiotics, resting 3-14 days
Rabies: disease that spreads to brain
causes, Near wild life, bite from stray, unvaccinated
Symptoms: head ache, fever, anxyity
Treatment: vaccine, eliminate wild life
Polio: virus that is life threatining
Causes: contact with infected< poor hand washing< contaminated things
symptoms: sore throat, paralipsis, fever
treatment, no cure, pain relievers,
pneumonia: mucus in lower respritary
Causes: other viral infections, 65 years older, smoking
Symptoms: cough with mucus, chills, hard breathing
Treatment: oxygen thearpy, antibiotics, medications
Scabies: infection of skin by human itch-mine
Causes: direct contact with someone or something infected
symptoms intercept itching, pimple like rash, bumps
Treatment:short term , medications, creams
hemorrhagic: virus that affects many parts of body.
encountering contaminations, handling animals,traviling
symptoms,fever, fatigue, stomach pain
Treatments, support therapy, antiviral drugs
mumps parentis: affect porotid glans and spread though saliva
Causes: not vaccinated, physical contact with virus
Symptoms: fever, headaches, loss of apitite
Treatment: drinking lots of fluid, vaccine
Chicken pox: itchy rash on face with pink spots
causes: air transmission, having cancer, siliva
Symptoms: rash, itchy, fever
Treatment: vaccine, lotion, antiviral medications
Ebola: virus that causes sever inflammation and tissue damage
Causes: In infected urine, saliva, sweat, clothes
Symptoms: fever, aches, pain
Treatment: supportive care, inmazeh
African sleeping sickness: microscopic parasites
Causes: Transmission by fly, microscopic parasites
Symptoms: fever, headache,aching muscles
Treatment: antiparasitics, enzyme inciters, pentamide
toxopiasmsis: infected disease, mostly neglected paracitic
Causes: infected food,, animal to human contact
Symptoms: eye pain, sensitive to light, blurred vision
Treatment: pryimethamine, medications, sulfadizine