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Social Class - External factors affecting education - Coggle Diagram
Social Class - External factors affecting education
Cultural Factors
Speech Codes (Bernstein)
WC use the Restricted Code
Context-bound
Gesticulations
Limited vocabulary
Grammatically sparse
MC use the Elaborate Code
Context-free
Wide vocabulary
Grammatically complex
Subcultures (Sugarmann)
Middle-class subculture
Optimistic attitude
Future-time orientation
Individualistic culture
Deferred gratification
Working-class subculture
Fatalistic attitude
Present-time orientation
Collectivistic culture
Immediate gratification
Cultural Deprivation
A lack of the superior norms, values, and ways of thinking of the MC
Examples of cultural deprivation
Lack of desired linguistic skills
Bernstein
Subcultures
Sugarmann
Lack of parental qualifications
Feinstein - MC parents are more likely to have high qualifications, which mean that they can support their children adequately and provide sufficient support
WC families may have little qualifications and therefore may show little interest in child's education
Material Factors
Examples of material deprivation
Poor diet
Howard (2001) - a poor diet leads to a lack of vitamins & minerals, which can lead to poor health, resulting in school absences and therefore failure in education
Wilkinson (1996) - children from low income families are more likely to develop behavioural disorders, hyperactivity, and anxiety, which have a negative impact on education
Poor housing
Overcrowded housing may mean that children lack the necessary room to study, suffer from distractions, or do not receive sufficient attention or support from parents in education
Poor housing can lead to psychological, and physical issues due to problems such as cold/damp, that can lead to more absences from school
Low income
Ball - 'Hidden Cost of Education'
Low income WC families fail due to the hidden costs within education, such as school uniform, textbooks, technology, and transport to and from school
MC families succeed as they have adequate material needs to support pupils in education
Material Deprivation
Lack of basic necessities and resources for educational success
Bordieu - the three capitals
Cultural Capital
Educational Capital
Economic Capital