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Trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma-brucei-3-638, : : trypanosome-diagram,…

- - - - Pathogensis
        
        African trypanosomiasis
        
        Parasitaemia in blood
        
        Chancre (3-4) - Painful nodule with pis contains trypomastigote
        
        Lymphadenopathy
        
        "Winterbottom's sign "
        
        Hepatospleenomegaly
        
        CNS - Severe headache , behavioral changes
        
        Chronic - Sleepiness - leads to death
      - Lab diagnosis
        
        Direct Microscopy ;
        • Wet mount
        • Giemsa stain
        
        Blood count
        
        " Wienman's medium "
        
        CSF examination
        
        Morula / Mulbery
        
        Serology & Molecular test;
        CATT
        ELISA
        IFA
        PCR, DNA ASSAY , LAMP, FISH , RT-PCR
      - Treatment
        
        • Suramin - 1° stage of infection
        • Pentamidine
        • Eflornithine
        • Organic arsenical melarsoprol - Late 2° CNS stage
      - • Connective tissue
        • Reticular tissue
        • Intracellular spaces
        • Lymph channels
        • Blood
        • Cerebrospinal Fluid
- - - - When an infected tsetse fly bites a person (or animal), it injects a form of the protozoa that can cause infection (called trypomastigotes) into the skin. The protozoa move to the lymphatic system and bloodstream.
        
        Inside the person, they change forms and travel to organs and tissues throughout the body, including lymph and spinal fluid.
        
        The protozoa multiply in the bloodstream and other body fluids.
        
        They circulate in the bloodstream.
        
        A fly ingests the protozoa when it bites an infected person.
        
        Inside the fly, the protozoa change forms and multiply.
        7–8. The protozoa travel to the fly's salivary glands, multiply, and change into trypomastigotes—the form that is injected when the fly bites a person.